Marlboro Cigarettes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marlboro Cigarettes - Research Paper Example Since the company was able to successfully establish a strong cigarette brand, a lot of cigarette smokers are patronizing the brand regardless of gender, race, social status, and nationality (Philip Morris USA, 2012). Despite the serious economic slow growth in the United States, smokers continue to purchase Marlboro cigarettes in exchange for a premium price (Waldemer, 2012). In line with this, this particular market research study will focus on determining the significance of having a strong brand with the continuous patronage of its customers to the brand. Purpose of the Research Study Conducting a market research project is a significant part of a successful marketing study (Caporella, 2012; Hamel, 2012). For this reason, this research study will purposely design a research survey questionnaire that uses open-ended, closed-ended, scaled responses (i.e. nominal scales, ordinal scales, interval scales, and ratio scales) that will enable the researcher gather primary research data t hat could help us determine the significance of having a strong brand on the continuous patronage of PM USA on Marlboro brand. After executing a real-life marketing research study, the student is expected to make use of unlimited charts, graphs, and tables when presenting the research survey results. Problem Statement This study will attempt to identify different variables and/or other marketing dimensions that contribute to the

Long-Range Goals Essay Example for Free

Long-Range Goals Essay Every one of us builds dreams and creates goals of our own. And those goals and aspirations are frequently rooted on our desires, wants and wishes, which depend on our personal experiences and current situations in life. My long-range personal goals revolve on three vital things: academics, professional and financial matters. Academic goals focus on my desire to graduate from college and to pursue further education. In fact, I am the first one in the family who is going to obtain a diploma. I am currently in my freshman taking general courses and a major course in Accounting. However, because I have come up with a realization lately, I now desire to become a Math teacher. In order to achieve it, I have to change my major courses. Therefore I am going to enlist in courses under the Teaching Program. Right after college I plan to have my Masters Degree on Education in order for me to achieve my academic goal. My professional visions center on my desire to become the person I yearn for my self to be: a Math teacher. I need to fulfill the responsibilities of being one. I have to teach diligently and faithfully the subject I am required to teach. Moreover, I have to maintain proper order and discipline in the classroom. I have to maintain an approachable and amiable atmosphere with my students. I am going to share them learning that would be kept in tact in their heart and mind. My financial goals center on my vision to earn for my education and for my family and to have a stable career so that I would have a steady source of income. Currently, I work as a part-time employee. I do my job three days in a week to support myself especially my education and to sustain my family because my father has no job and my mother is mentally ill. Even though I am employed, I can definitely say that I am a full-time student because I never get absent to class and I do my schoolwork and projects. At present, I live in a Project I really hate to live in. I believe that the only way for me to have a better life is for me to be educated. I desire for my dreams and visions to come true and I know that education is the ultimate key in reaching them. My character, perseverance and wisdom are the supporting factors that go hand in hand with education.

History of Fascism

History of Fascism It can be seen that there is an increasing fight for freedom against fascism in England in post-modern era. Fascism is a long-lasting problem in England. How can we see freedom vs. fascism in V for Vendetta. The people of London seek for freedom, to be free from the government and tol ive a normal life.There is a totalitarian government in England, and the countryis like a dystopian country. Citizens in a dystopian country never question their government. The people long for democratic society, and it is necessary to make a revolution to reach the goals, and it is up to the people of England. There is a conflict between anarchism and fascism. Can anarchism be a way to democracy? The film V for Vendetta is about fascism, anarchy and England. It is a very impressive research into fascism and democrasy. Dystopian societies usually lack of personal freedoms, as well as political oppression and systematic discrimination based on sex, age or IQ (Dystopian, par.1) Dystopia is an undesirable and unlivable society. The government watches or control everything people does. There is no independence, no freedom, and no personal thought in this harsh government. Citiizens have no individual choice, they are always afraid of doing something which against the goverrnment , they can be punished by isolation, torture, or death because of their forbidden action. There are lots of social restrictions because dystopian governments want to have absolute and complete control over their people to keep their government in rule. The typical features in a dystopian society usually entail the use of propaganda to gain control. Information is limited, freedomis restricted. A figurehead is worshipped by the citizens of the society.Most citizens have a fear of the outside world because they havent been outside probably.Dystopian societies like to keep everyone underground and under control (Dystopian, par.4) A dystopian society is fictional which is created to warn people against possible danger of the strict regime, and so many writers use fiction as a medium and depict a dystopian world in their works. For example, 1984 by Orwell and Brave New World by Huxley are two classic novels on dystopian societies. Both of these satirical novels have a great influence on their era, because issues dystopia are close to the reality. Real subjects are referred to fictional world. Not only in novels, but also in films dystopian world is used to show the threat of totalitarian regime such as The Matrix and V for Vendetta. In film such as V for Vendetta the government tries to keep people in fear and to make the people feel they need an overruling power to keep them safe is quite extraordinary. These all fitting into the typical category of governmental/social dystopias because these dystopian visions paint a picture of a government or society attempting to exert control over free thoght, authority, energy, freedom of information (Is It Useful, par.6) Fascism is a consistent and universal problem.It is an important social and psychological mechanism which shows a revolt against the effect of capitalism. As Rabinbach suggested that Fascism movements emerged in almost all European contries aafter World War I as a conservative and revolutionary protest against both capitalism and Marxist socialism (145) Fascism is the one form of government with the most disagreement about a definition for it.The word comes from the Latin fasces which means to use power to scare or impress people. It generally refers to the consolidation of all economic and political power into some form of super-patriotism that is devoted to genocide or endless war with ones enemies (History, par.6) In fascism, the government controls everything, the institutions of public control and total control over everything and everyone. And the fascist government destroys all sense of independence and individuality, because they are dangerous things, as they might lead to rebellion.The fascist regime is thee extreme form of the autonomisation of politics under capitalism. It is the product of an immense dislocation of the capitalist made of production (Caplan 95). Fascism is a modern phenomenon. It is a big argument, and almost always discussed by historians, writers, politicians and scholars. Yet, What does it mean, actually? Allardyce stated that whether historians envision fascism as the tool of class interests or the expression of more impersonal forces -the revolt of the masses, the moral crisis of civilization, totalitarianism, or the modernisation process- they generally understand it in terms of something more fundamental and important to history (368). Cassels described fascism variously as an oslought on the nineteenth century, an effort to restore the vanished world of 1789, a general twentieth-century phenomenon of the Left, a movement committed to sweeping away the debris of all anciens regimes, a theory of socialism applied by authoritarian means, leftist, right-ist, radical. Whatever its definitions is, fascism gives no good to people.Disciplines of the fascism is not for public sake, its for goernment sake. It limits the freedom of people, and it restricts citizens rights. Fascist thought is born between 1870 and 1914 because of the fear of mass democracy and liberalism, and fascist movements start to occur in all European countries after 1918. Fascism destroys the liberty of England. Before the Civil War the government is liberal in the United States. The war affects the people negatively. For instance, liberty is limited, private property is destroyed. When the fascists seize the power, the society turns to dystopia in which people have no freedom.The concept of liberty changes with the times. There is one liberty in peace times, which is not the liberty of war times. There is one liberty in times of prosperity, which can no longer be granted in times of depression (Pei, par.6). According to KÃ ¼hnl, fascist system has five major characteristics: (1) its social function is to maintain the capitalist system in a crisis; (2) the use of terrorist methods of domination and the elimination of oppositional forces is basic to the system; (3) it cocsists of a mass movement which attempts to include major population groupings and act as an instrument of mass integration and manipulation; (4) the masses are subject to the ideology of the Volk community and unconditional solidarity demanded by both internal and external enemies; (5) the system produces the political and military prerequisites for imperialist expansion and the subordination of neighboring peoples(130).As we understand from KÃ ¼hnls classification of fascism, psychological manipulation and physical control are the keys of fascist government. It creates fear on its citizens by using terrorist methods. Only truth is totalitarian regimes truth, there is nothing for public good in fascism. The problem of fascism does not perish completely. The people of England is still under the threat of fascism. Even today, the independent middle class and other social groups are still threatened by social declasssing; there are still economic recessions that precipitate the anxiety of crisis; authoritarian mentalities calling for order and strong leadership are still widespread (KÃ ¼hnl 76). Fascism is very harmful all aspect of life. In fascist government, there is a social unrest, people are not happy, they are depressed, the country is in an economic depression.There is no good relationship between the people, everybody is suspicious of everybody else, and they are always in fear of totalitarian regime. In terms of a theory of economic growth revised in this way, fascism can be defined as a revolt of those who lost -directly or indirectly, temporarily or permanently- by industrialization. Also the military joins here, with opposition against the industrialization of war, which tended to destroy traditional modes of warfare and which by its increasing destructiveness intensified pacifism and antimilitarism (Sauer 417). To be sure, the totalitarianism theory cannot be dismissed entirely.Modern dictatorships have undoubtedly develop new charasteristics, and totalitarianism is certainly one of them. It is, however, hardly as important as the totalitarianism theory has maintained.As Sauer suggested, totalitarianism which feeds fascism might live forever, if it is not opposed.Authoritarian dictatorships master the crisis by destroying society. So citizens should take some action to protect their rights and to gain independence. Public involvement in politics plays a vital role in democratic society. Thus, Abendroth stated that The first goal is the defence and restoration of functioning forms of public involvement in the political and social decisions of a parliamentary democracy; the next goal would be to replace monopoly capitalist production relations by transparent socialist one (113). Albert Einstein said that the world is a dangerous place tol ive in; not because of the people are evil, but because of the people who dont do anything about it. Fascism will continue to grow, if people do not do something against it. Alladyce emphazised that the antifascist of Europe added dimensions of their own , and the revised version became the Standard version, the popular conception of the ideology of fascism During the thirties recalled Stephen Spender, Fascism meant dictatorship, cencorship, the persecution of the Jews, the destruction of intellectual freedom. To be antifascist was to be on the side of humanity. Conversely, to be fascist meant to be against it(382).People who want to be on the side of humanity, should fight against fascism to prevent destruction of totalitarian regime and to get rid of dictatorship. The British National Party and The English Defence League are the current threats of fascism for English citizens. The BNP is a fascist party, as mentioned before fascism annihilate all communities, freedoms and democratic rights. The EDL is an organization of racist thugs with links to the BNP. EDL supporters use Nazi tactics during their activities.There is a unity against the alarming rise in fascism in Britain today. Uaf, the unity against fascism believes that these dangers require a strong and united response from all those dedicated to freedom and democracy, and they declares that we must combine our forces and unite in a broad and common front against this common threat (About Uaf). The first action against fascism is awake peoples consciousness. Media, literature and cinema can be used to solve the problem of fascism, and to show the danger of totalitarian regime.V for Vendetta is a good example to demonstrate the terrifying possibilities of totalitarianism and it uses the voice of anarchist, V, to affect people of England into standing together against their fascist government and fight for freedom. V for Vendetta can be seen as a dystopia because of the way minority groups are treated as criminals and used for medical experiments, V starting a revolution reasons with the people of the country after hijacking a broadcast centre (Is It Useful par.16). If viewed with philosophical spectacles, a film like V for Vendetta can also stimulate reflection on the preciousness of an open society and individual freedom.And it is much better to watch a movie than to have to experience a totalitarian, closed society for real (Berg par.7). V for Vendetta has a great success, the issues of the film prove to be important and interesting to the audience. Although the happenings of the film take place in the future, they are closely connected with todays circumstances. Its reflection of the present makes stronger the effects of the film. The film is about Vs struggle against the fascist regime. The fascist regime is like a Nazi government, killing the societies whose have no correlation to the government system. V for Vendetta is set in England. The Norsefire regime in V for Vendetta creates fears in its people and using force as a way of subduing them to do what they want. The fascist dictator, Adam Sutler wants to have the complete control over his people.Like world of Orwells 1984, cameras and secret police are watching citizens. They use technology and media to control the actions and thoughts of people.As Berg suggested that Society under the Norsefire regime is typical of totalitarian states: the secret police is the executive arm of Big Brother, and the media is under state control and is used for propaganda purposes (par.10). Similar to Nazi Germany, there are death camps in England. The people are forcibly used to take part in a type of medical testing. The government deliberately, creates a lethal virus to become rich and powerful by selling the antidote. V is one of these prisoners in the camp, Larkhill. When the fire breaks out in laboratory, he manages to escape, and becomes the only prisoner to survive. Because of the fire he is severely burnt, and he wears a symbolic mask which is the face of Guy Fawkes, a Catholic rebel on November 5th 1605 tries to blow up the Houses of Parliament in London to end the reign of James I, but he is publicly executed. V wants to change the course of history by blowing up the Houses of Parliament -he wants to succeed where Faawkes had failed, and the date for this attempt is of course November 5. As to why he wants to do so: he wants to destroy the authoritarian government (Coppens par.5). The theme of fascism and complete government control is evident throughout the film as seen through the rule of the Norsefire regime and their ruthless tactics. For example, homosexuality is forbidden and actively suppressed. The government behaves harshly toward homosexuals. We understand this clearly when Evey finds a letter from Valerie is an actress who is imprisoned for being lesbian. This, again shows the similarity between Nazi government and Sutlers government. Jalsevac stated that The most poignant scene by far is when Evey, while in prison, finds the dying letter of a woman who had been the same cell years before. As Evey reads the letter we are shown flashbacks of the life of this poor victim of state oppression (par.9). Another example of fascism in the film is that freedom of expression is forbidden. People are not allowed to express their own feelings and opinions. If they have a thought against the government, they are punished by death. Letting people think can be extremely dangerous according to fascists. Berg similarly argues that, Freedom of expression also entails the freedom to critize and satirize political leaders. In the film Deitrich (played by Stephen Fry) uses his popular talk show to satirize Chancellor Sutler. As a consequence he is seized from his home and disappears- the fate of many peaceful opponents of dictators, from Argentina to Zimbabwe (par.13). In many totalitarian regimes the portrait of the political leader of the state is placed everywhere, practically on the wall of each house and institution. In V for Vendetta we see the videos on the big screen with the face of Adam Sutler, along with his portraits in peoples homes. Fear is used to turn England into a bigoted totalitarian order, with their leader Adam Sutler becoming the High Chancellor. War, terror and disease cause to fear in people, and so they turn to the Chancellor who promises peace, and to give them silent obedient consent. Afraid of chaos, the citizens allow an enemy to be created, which is a fascist government. Similarly, Berg suggested that In times of social unrest and uncertainty there are people who call for a strong leader and who are also prepared to accept limitations on their freedom. Such people might prefer Sutlers Norsefire regime to an open, democratic society (par.18). In a totalitarian society everyone who opposes the state can be a victim of the states terror and torture. So people obey this strict regime blindly because of fear. V declares that People should not be afraid of their governments; their governments should be afraid of them.V wants to remind the people of London of their past. He thinks that this country has forgotten something which are fairness, justice, freedom. V explains that artists tell lies to tell the truth, while politicians use them to cover the truth up.The government uses the media to convey the message and to trick the community into thinking that life is so much better with the government in control. V gives the people hope and show that the country has much better life outside of the governments control. By showing brute force of the government, V tries to convince the citizens to support him over the government. One of the major themes in the movie is the conflict between anarchism and fascism. The Norsefire regime is the face of fascism. Adam Sutler rules the country through both fear and force. The ideas of anarchism is presented by V. He uses the voice of an anarchist to evoke people for fight against authorities. V is fighting for anarchism, because he sees it as a way of democracy. Anarchism is a theory of governance that rejects any form of central or external authority, preferring instead to replace it with alternative forms of organization such as shaming rituals for deviants, mutual assistance pacts between citizens (History par.5). In the film the importance of the idea is underlined, it emphasizes that ideas are very powerful and live beyond the death of individuals. After V is shot multiple times by Creedy, he ironically says Beneath this mask there is more than flesh, there is an idea, and ideas are bullet prof. This quote means that the flesh of a man can be killed; however an idea can never be killed. A man can be forgotten, but an idea can live forever. At the end of the film Evey completes the task of V, and sends the train with the explosives toward the Houses of Parliament. V is dead, but he reaches his aim. He creates a hope for a better tomorrow,and its up to people of London to decide what happens next, a new England can be built. As Ghufron suggested that All forms of authority in Britain are now gone; its future is left uncertain. Thus, V has created chaos, which will allow voluntary order to ocur (par.12). To conclude, the film V for Vendetta is a shining example of what we are facing and how we can overcome a fight against a corrupt fascist government. It is emphasized that, Fantastic and mysterious on the surfacemovie V for Vendetta, in reality investigates and develops very important social-political themes, the notions of freedom and democracy, confrontation of them to the totalitarianism and fascism; the themes of identity of a human as a member of society and his dependence on the social order or vice verse his opposition to the existing political regime (Fascism par.10). The film clearly shows that ciizens should be unite and fight against their totalitarian regime to gain freedom and to live in a democratic society. Eleven similarly suggested that As the film V for Vendetta illustrates we have great strength in unity. We must simply organize ourselves. The film shows a symbolic organization and unification of the populous to rise up at once to take control. This is what is required. But we cant stop there (par.4) V for Vendetta creates a hope and courage in people of England, it leads to people think of fascism and freedom, and decide on what they really long for, ruled by totalitarian regime or live in democracy. The film has many awards, and this is a symbol that many people want to abolish the fascism in the world. As Jalsevac stated that V has received largely positive reviews from the critics, praising it for supposedly challenging audiences to think and raising timely questions about terrorism, when violence might be justified and the power of government (par.13). Works Cited Abendroth, Wolfgang. The Problems of The Social Function and Social Preconditions of Fascism. International Journal of Politics, 2.4 (1972-73): 104-113. Academic Search Premier. Jstor. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. About Uaf. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. Allardyce, Gilbert. What Fascism Is Not: Thoughts on the Deflation of a Concept. The American Historical Review, 84.2 (1979): 367-388. Academic Search Premier. Jstor. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. Berg, F. V. D. V for Vendetta Web. 29 Dec. 2012. Caplan, Jane. Theories of Fascism: Nicos Poulantzas as Historian. History Workshop,3 (1977):83-100. Academic Research Premier. Jstor. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. Coppens, Philip. V for Vendetta. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. Dystopian Society. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. Eleven, Dylan. The Film V for Vendetta Shows V is for Victory When We Stand United Against The New WorldÂÂ  Order. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. Fascism and Democracy in V for Vendetta. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. Ghufron, Burhanudin. Vs Struggle Against The Fascist Government System in James Mcteigues V for Vendetta Movie. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. History of Terrorism and Fear. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. Is It Useful To Use Present Fears and Problems in Society to Speculate on The Future. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. Jalsevac, Luke. V for Vendatta Agenda Christians, Conservatives evil; Liberal freedom fighters good. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. KÃ ¼hnl, Reinhard. Problems of a Theory of Internetional Fascism. International Journal of Politics, 2.4 (1972-73):47-81. Academic Search Premier.Jstor. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. CÄÂ ±vak 10Paxton, R. O. The Five Stages of Fascism. The Journal of Modern History, 70.1(1998):1-23. Academic Search Premier. Jstor. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. Pei, M.A. Freedom under Fascism. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 180 (1935): 9-13. Search Premier. Jstor. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. Rabinbach, Anson G. Toward a Marxist Theory of Fascism and National Socialism: A Report on Developments in West Germany. : New German Critique, 3(1974): 127-153. Academic Search Premier. Jstor. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. Sauer, Wolfgang. National Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism?. The American Historical Review, 73.2(1967):404-424. Academic Search Premier. Jstor. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. V for Vendetta. Dir. James McTeigue. Perf. ÂÂ  Hugo Weaving,ÂÂ  Natalie Portman. ÂÂ  Warner Bros. Pictures, 2005.Film.

Business Plan for a Nightclub Essay examples -- Business Management Fi

Business Plan for a Nightclub LEVEL 3 plans to be a chain of upscale nightclubs centering around the middle Georgia areas. It is demographically targeted to middle aged adult’s ages ranging from 25 and up. LEVEL 3 aims at providing quality entertainment, food and refreshments along with a welcoming environment that will give our customers a unique and entertaining experience. Company Overview This company evolved through a partnership on January 19th 2005. LEVEL 3 is located in Perry, Georgia and caters to the surrounding Middle Georgia areas. The company plans to attract upscale and mature customers whose ages range from 25 and older. LEVEL 3 will be the premier, high-energy themed dance and night club in Middle Georgia. We will provide our customers with live entertainment, quality food and service along with a great atmosphere. We want to create an intimate setting that will make our customers feel a sense of belonging. Easily manageable and profitable, this business appeals to customers who want to relax and meet different enjoyable and exciting people. It will capitalize on the ever growing demand for a safe and sophisticated nightclub. Our objectives are to profit on our excellent location in Perry, Georgia, with commitment to the community developments. We also want to maintain tight control of costs, operations, and cash flow through diligent management. In additi on, we will maintain a food cost below 33% of food revenue and beverage costs below 25% of beverage revenue. Finally, we plan to exceed $3 million in annual sales by the third year of plan implementation. LEVEL 3 plans to launch with a highly publicized grand opening event in the summer of 2005. It intends to expand to other cities within Georgia after revenues excel. Product Plan LEVEL 3 will be characterized by the elaborate dance club situated in a spectator setting which comfortably accommodates 350 guests. The area will offer two private sky boxes and one banquet room which can be combined for use in a conference or private party setting. Also these rooms are intended for special events and daily use. In order to reach and maintain a unique image of quality, LEVEL 3 will provide attentive and friendly service through a high ratio of service personnel to customers, and will also invest in the training and supervision of its employees. The initial hours of operation will be fro... ...footage than anyone else in the region. A simple, yet unique, themed menu and atmosphere will create a sense of 'belonging' for locals and tourists alike. Our operating credo is: "happy enthusiastic employees create happy enthusiastic guests." The main objectives of the development of this new venue are: †¢ Capitalize on excellent location opportunity with swift commitment to the new Town Square development. †¢ To launch the venue with a highly publicized grand opening event in the summer of 2001. †¢ To maintain tight control of costs, operations, and cash flow through diligent management and automated computer control. †¢ To maintain a food cost below 33% of food revenue. †¢ To maintain a total beverage cost below 25% of beverage revenue. †¢ To exceed $3 million in annual sales by the third year of plan implementation. The keys to success in achieving our goals are: †¢ Provide exceptional service that leaves an impression. †¢ Consistent entertainment atmosphere and product quality. †¢ Managing our internal finances and cash flow to enable upward capital growth. †¢ Strict control of all costs, at all times, without exception

Psychoanalytic and Trait Approaches to Personality Essay

The study of personality had been one of the most intriguing subjects of psychology. Personality refers to a complex set of characteristics unique to the individual which form basis on how he/she feels, thinks, and behaves (Engler, 2003). Personality theories are varied and each one tries to explain the development of personality and its manifestations. The study of personality had also led to a number of assessment tools that aim to quantify and describe personality. Moreover, the stability of one’s personality had also been found to be associated with the mental health of a person, as well as the quality of his/her relationship with others. Recently, personality had also been linked to biological health and certain types of illnesses. This paper discusses the psychoanalytic and trait approaches to the study of personality. The psychoanalytic approach to the study of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud in the early history of the development of psychology as a scientific discipline. The psychoanalytic approach says that personality is shaped by the unconscious forces in one’s mental state (Larsen & Buss, 2005). Individuals are often unaware of the unconscious mental forces and how it can influence behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Personality is composed of three structures, the id, ego, and superego. The id refers to the drives and instincts, the superego refers to the conscience or moral agency, and the ego is the mediator between the id and superego and is the social agency. The three agencies can be in conflict and produces anxiety, the personality develops defense mechanisms to cope with the anxieties. The trait approach to personality says that personality is relatively stable from childhood to adulthood and that a person can be portrayed through his/her personality traits of which quite a number has been identified by trait theorists. Traits refer to the personal characteristics of the individual that describes his/her patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings. Modern trait theory endorses the Big 5 personality traits (OCEAN) which includes openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (Larsen & Buss, 2005). These personality traits had been found to exist in different cultures and can adequately describe a person’s personality. The difference between psychoanalytic to the trait approach is how the psychoanalytic theory explains the development of personality as rooted in the unconscious mental states and childhood experiences of the individual. Trait theory suggests that the framework of one’s personality is already present at birth and continues to develop over the course of one’s life. However, the basic personality traits will remain and influence the development of other traits (Funder, 2007). The psychoanalytic theory had it right when it said that previous experiences influences one’s personality and defense mechanisms are used to ease anxieties brought about by unconscious drives and impulses. We know that one’s experiences strongly affect one’s personality, for example, a child deprived of parental love may become untrusting, cynical and have poor relationships in adulthood. Defense mechanisms are patterns of behavior that are used as responses to anxieties to maintain normal functioning. The trait theory on the other hand was correct when it said that traits can be used to describe the person and that personality traits are stable over time. Personality traits are descriptions of behavioral, cognitive, and affective patterns that people have in varying degrees. For example, people who are extroverted are funny, sociable, friendly, and approachable; it would be very difficult to find a person who is an extrovert and yet be reserved and shy. Moreover, personality traits are fairly stable, a child who is shy may overcome his/her shyness but on accession will exhibit some form of shyness. The psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the unconscious mental states of the individual as precursors of personality, however, if a person is not aware of this mental state, then how could that person be influenced by such forces. Moreover, psychoanalytic theory made mention that childhood experiences determines the personality of the individual, Freud however did not account for the fact that individuals with happy childhoods can also develop personality problems in adulthood. Trait theory on the other hand claim that the Big 5 personality traits are found across cultures, however, since trait theorists have already identified thousands of traits, is it not easier for them to categorize such traits into five universal traits. In addition, trait theory says that traits can adequately describe a person, however, how can traits fully portray the complex person by single trait. Trait theory attempts to provide a simplistic explanation to a very complex concept such as personality. Freud’s defense mechanisms are thought patterns that attempt to diffuse the anxiety that is brought about by conflicts in one’s personality. Denial is one of the most used defense mechanism; denial means to refuse the truth or the reality of an event or situation. For example, when one is diagnosed to be terminally ill, the first response is denial. The truth that one is dying is too painful for the individual to bear and causes anxiety, in order to deal with the anxiety, the individual may deny the diagnosis and believe that the doctor have made a mistake. Projection occurs when the individual attributes his/her own unacceptable impulses to another person. For example, a man who is confused with his sexuality may begin to hate gay men, hating gays would tell the person that he is not gay and therefore eases the anxiety of his confused feelings. Repression is used to control traumatic experiences or events that are full of anxiety. A child who had been abused by an adult may repress the memories and push it into the unconscious so that it would not be remembered. The psychoanalytic theory was developed in Victorian England where anything pertaining to one’s sexuality was considered as a taboo and inappropriate (Engler, 2003). Freud was a neurologist and begun his work treating individuals with mental disorders which he called dementia. In his treatment, he discovered that most people who exhibited bizarre disorders had repressed memories and unconscious thoughts which were sexually laden. Freud deduced that the cause of the anxiety and illnesses of his patients where unconscious desires and traumatic childhood experiences which have prevented patients from building relationships, coping with life’s demands and adjustments to life events. Consequently, Freud developed a theory of personality that would integrate the knowledge he gained from his patients and the treatments that he used. Freud’s theoretical concepts were labeled with notoriety as it included sexism which society did not approve of (Engler, 2003). Out of the Big 5 personality traits, the trait that best describes my personality is openness, I am adventurous and curious, and I always welcome the opportunity to learn something new. Thus, I am always open to new situations and experiences. I have a wider perspective than most people do do, I usually do not have opinions about things that I have not experienced, but I am open to the fact that I may or may not enjoy a new experience. I believe that being open to new experiences enriches my personality; I am the kind of person who always signs up for new events, the first in the bungee jumping line, and the first to eat raw fish eggs. The personality trait that least describes me is neuroticism. As a person, I am aware of who I am and what I want from life, I have values and principles in life that I subscribe to in whatever I do, thus I am not prone to insecurities and I am emotionally stable. I rarely have emotional outbursts and uncontrollable anger towards other people. I am in touch with my own feelings and I can express my emotions constructively. Since modern personality trait theory is the most widely applied theory of personality, I must say that it is more able to describe personality than the psychoanalytic theory. Trait theory had been the basis of numerous personality tests and inventories which all measure and classify thoughts, feelings, and behavior under different personality traits. In conclusion, personality is a complex psychological construct that attempts to provide an explanation of why people have different traits, characteristics, behaviors, and coping strategies. Personality can be studied as an aspect of the totality of a person or it may also be used to describe the personhood of the individual. In any case, there is still more to learn about personality for at present we still have an incomplete picture of personality.

Free Essays on JIT

Just-In-Time is a production strategy with a new set of values to continuously improve quality and productivity. The key to effective JIT measurement is inherent in the fundamental definition, â€Å"Just-In-Time is a production strategy with a new set of values to continuously improve quality and productivity.† In particular, measurements need to reflect: 1. The value of time 2. The new JIT values 3. An emphasis on continuous improvement 4. A new quality mindset, 5. Total people productivity The Just-In-Time strategy includes seven principals which can guide us towards world-class productivity: 1. Produce to exact demand 2. Eliminate Waste 3. Produce One-At-A-Time 4. Achieve Continuous Improvement 5. Respect People 6. Allow for no contingencies 7. Provide long-term emphasis Major Benefits of JIT Improved Quality Productivity Service Capacity Transport Systems Flexibility Reduced Inventory Lot Sizes Lead Times Unit Costs Design Time Space Energy The JIT principals will promote a flexible manufacturing organization which can produce to exact customer demand and totally eliminate all waste in the system. The ultimate goal will be to learn to produce one-at-a-time with near zero lead time, so you can respond to whatever flavor the customer wants. The pathway to get there is through continuous improvement and the source of these improvements can be cultivated by practicing respect for people. To match world-class productivity levels, your strategy will provide for no contingencies, so if something does go wrong, everything will stop. Since it will take time to incorporate these new values into your company culture, JIT will have to be implemented with a long-term emphasis. It is not a â€Å"magic pill†. Finally, the principles are interdependent, so all seven must be embraced to make the strategy an effective game plan for your company. In order to implement Just-In-Time we must unde... Free Essays on JIT Free Essays on JIT Just-In-Time is a production strategy with a new set of values to continuously improve quality and productivity. The key to effective JIT measurement is inherent in the fundamental definition, â€Å"Just-In-Time is a production strategy with a new set of values to continuously improve quality and productivity.† In particular, measurements need to reflect: 1. The value of time 2. The new JIT values 3. An emphasis on continuous improvement 4. A new quality mindset, 5. Total people productivity The Just-In-Time strategy includes seven principals which can guide us towards world-class productivity: 1. Produce to exact demand 2. Eliminate Waste 3. Produce One-At-A-Time 4. Achieve Continuous Improvement 5. Respect People 6. Allow for no contingencies 7. Provide long-term emphasis Major Benefits of JIT Improved Quality Productivity Service Capacity Transport Systems Flexibility Reduced Inventory Lot Sizes Lead Times Unit Costs Design Time Space Energy The JIT principals will promote a flexible manufacturing organization which can produce to exact customer demand and totally eliminate all waste in the system. The ultimate goal will be to learn to produce one-at-a-time with near zero lead time, so you can respond to whatever flavor the customer wants. The pathway to get there is through continuous improvement and the source of these improvements can be cultivated by practicing respect for people. To match world-class productivity levels, your strategy will provide for no contingencies, so if something does go wrong, everything will stop. Since it will take time to incorporate these new values into your company culture, JIT will have to be implemented with a long-term emphasis. It is not a â€Å"magic pill†. Finally, the principles are interdependent, so all seven must be embraced to make the strategy an effective game plan for your company. In order to implement Just-In-Time we must unde...

Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Example

Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Example Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Supervision is the pattern where a counselor can speak to a professional who is trained to place any psychological or behavioral alterations in the counselor that could be due to an inability to get by with issues presented by clients. A supervisor is besides responsible for disputing patterns and processs, developing improved or different techniques, and informing clients of alternate theories and/or new patterns, every bit good as industry alterations. The supportive and educative procedure of supervising is aimed toward helping supervisees in the application of reding theory and techniques to client jobs ( Bernard A ; Goodyear, 2009 ) . Supervision is a normally a regular, formal agreement for counselors to discourse their work with person who is experienced in reding and supervising. The undertaking is to work together to guarantee and develop the efficiency of the counsellor/client relationship, maintain equal criterions of guidance and a method of consultancy to widen the skylines of an experient practician ( ACA, 2009 ) . Aim of Supervision By and large, supervising has two primary ends: to supervise client attention and guarantee clients are having appropriate curative guidance, and to heighten professional operation ( Bernard A ; Goodyear, 2009 ) . Supervision provides benefits for counselors such as support, an chance to detect new thoughts and schemes, every bit good as personal and professional development. Another benefit in add-on to counsellor support and development is larning across the professional lifetime of counselors life long acquisition ( Borders A ; Usher, 1992 ) . The purpose of supervising is to supply a agency of support, and ongoing acquisition and professional development for counselors who often work with hard and nerve-racking instances. This serves to forestall extra emphasis and burnout ( Haynes, Corey, A ; Moulton, 2003 ) . The educational and encouraging function of the supervisor focuses on making a secure puting where the supervisee can reflect on their work, acquire feedback, way, reevaluate their capablenesss and addition greater understanding about their work, clients and themselves with the purpose of protecting the client and offering best possible guidance patterns ( Powell, 1993 ) . In order to advance counselor development supervising needs to take topographic point in a safe and appropriate environment. To accomplish this, as in a guidance session, empathy, openness, and positive respect are indispensable ( Egan, 2007 ) . Both parties must besides swear in the unity and honestness of the other. An ethical model is necessary to advance this trust, and there should be an grasp of the importance of the supervising procedure, which reduces the force per unit area on the counselor to bring forth an result at the cost of the procedure and the working relationship. The ethical principals of reding are intended as a usher and model for the duties of counselors: demoing consideration for the trust of participants, esteeming their independency, perpetrating to the publicity of the wellbeing of all participants and at a red lead, to make no injury, to esteem each person and dainty everyone rightly and without prejudice, and seeking professional development ( Egan, 2007 ) . The duty to work ethically will better proviso and the response of services, and let chances for development for both parties to take topographic point. The supervisor has a duty to guarantee that confidentiality is maintained, and any information obtained in a clinical or confer withing relationship is discussed merely for professional intents and merely with individuals clearly concerned with the instance ( ACA, 2009 ) . Different ways of measuring the supervisory procedure can be of import both for the supervisor and the supervisee. Establishing a contract for the supervisory relationship makes rating easier. The contract should include the pupil s developmental demands, the supervisor s competences, and supervisory ends and methods ( Stoltenberg A ; Delworth, 1987 ) . Land regulations set up at the start are of import to clear up the outlooks of the supervisor every bit good as the supervisee, and that the duty for success of the procedure rests with both parties. As portion of the contract it is of import to discourse what can and ca nt remain confidential. Throughout the supervising procedure, the supervisor is responsible for measuring the quality of the supervisory relationship ( Powell, 1993 ) . Occasionally things happen between a supervisor and supervisee that has nil to make with the persons themselves, but with what and who the individual reminds them of. Feelingss can be transferred from other associations onto the supervisor. Besides the feelings a supervisor may see towards a supervisee can be linked to experiences and associations in the yesteryear. In order to guarantee the safety of both parties the practicians must subscribe to a set codification of pattern and moralss ( Powell, 1993 ) . Personal Experience My personal experience of supervising has for the most portion been really general, discoursing casework and looking for feedback, thoughts and schemes, and wide-ranging treatments refering my personal experiences. My practicum has involved disbursement three hours a hebdomad at a local work forces s inn, with some clip set aside for treatment, java, and exchange of thoughts. This clip has been most helpful in covering with feelings of defeat that arise, that can be really disputing for me and could show troubles if non addressed. The aid can come in the signifier of a reminder that it is non truly about me, that alteration can non be forced from the outside, or merely a remark that things move easy, and a positive result may take old ages. Unfortunately, there are few alone instances at the inn, even if these instances are disputing and complex. Many of the persons in abode nowadays with double diagnosing, and are good known to staff. There are no speedy holes or easy solutions, and staff can non indulge in annoyance or defeat over deficiency of declarations. Sometimes, there will be no declaration or positive result. One occupant was experiencing really positive and looking frontward to work one hebdomad, but was unable to return in subsequent hebdomads due to drug and intoxicant usage. I still that he will be able to return at a ulterior day of the month. It is besides really straitening to see such immature people with lasting damage from drug and intoxicant usage, and gain that no sum of reding or medical intervention will be able to supply them with a standard type of being. Supervision can be used as a topographic point to debrief, to portion experiences, and insight options. It can be really reassuring to hold person to fall back on, and derive support from, in disputing or complex state of affairss. I find it really utile to be able to speak things through, and so come to an single apprehension and credence of any given state of affairs. Seeking a 2nd sentiment, background information on a occupant and discussing attacks seems to do up most of supervising clip, and some other maps of supervising have besides happened more informally, over a cup of java in the staff room, peculiarly in relation to future employment. Unsurprisingly, as graduation draws nearer, it is besides the calling development facet of supervising that has taken up a great trade of my ideas where to travel next, what kind of work would I best be suited to, what type of educational chances do I see coming up. This has for me been really valuable, as I can seek advice and tips from people in the field, and acquire a echt grasp for what it means to work in this field. Overall, I think it is by and large expected, and helpful, for those who receive supervising to make some readying before get downing supervising, and to construct up an consciousness of what the supervising is to accomplish. Not to see it an duty but as an chance to develop as a more effectual counselor Reviewing and reflecting on casework is a good manner to believe through what has happened in the past hebdomad, and where it will take us. Preparation can besides assist with bringing concerns and inquiries to inquire supervisor, with seeking verification and elucidation, and get down the idea processes about what I need from the supervisor. Evaluation Cardinal to developmental theoretical accounts of supervising is the theory that as people and counselors we are continuously turning and maturating ; like all people we develop over clip, and this development and is a procedure with phases or stages that are predictable. In general, developmental theoretical accounts of supervising define progressive phases of supervisee development from novitiate to expert, each phase dwelling of distinct features and accomplishments ( Bradley A ; Ladany, 2000 ) . Stoltenberg and Delworth ( 1987 ) depict a developmental theoretical account with three degrees: beginning, intermediate, and advanced. In each degree a counselor may get down in an imitative manner and travel toward a more competent, self-confident and autonomous province for each degree. Get downing supervisees would happen themselves comparatively dependent on the supervisor to understand or explicate client behaviors and mentalities and set up programs for intercession. Intermediate supervisees would depend on supervisors for an apprehension of more complex clients, but would be irritated at suggestions about more simple instances. Resistance is characteristic of this phase, because the supervisee s sense of ego cab feel easy threatened. Advanced supervisees map independently, seek audience when appropriate, and experience responsible for their ain picks. For illustration, at my current novice phase, I am expected to hold limited accomplishments and deficiency assurance as a counselor, as I am merely get downing out as a trainee. With more clip on the occupation, I should develop more accomplishments and assurance, and possibly at odds feelings about perceived independence/dependence on my supervisor. In a ulterior developmental phase, I would be expected to demo high degree communicating abilities, good problem-solving accomplishments and be brooding about the guidance and supervisory procedure ( Haynes, Corey, A ; Moulton, 2003 ) . An consciousness of these development phases can be really cheering, as I am non expected to be perfect on the first twenty-four hours on the occupation, or cognize everything about the field instantly. Rather, the outlook is that I have a capacity to larn, turn and better, and each twenty-four hours be a small spot better. Supervision and professional development is of import as it assists in the care and betterment of my criterion of pattern. It can integrate ego directed and assisted acquisition, on the occupation preparation and coaching, include instruction through instance treatments and presentations, and larning from our successes and errors ( Powell, 1993 ) . It is really encouraging to cognize that supervising can be something in add-on to merely doing things clearer or supplying a fresh attack to casework. Something more than focal point and penetration from a 3rd party, or a mark that I am on the right path, or the chance to vent my defeats refering clients. In guidance, it has been put frontward that supervising be entrenched into a broader treatment of womb-to-tomb acquisition, where supervising is viewed as one of a scope of support and acquisition tools that counselors may be encouraged to entree ( McMahon and Patton, 20002 ) . A Lifelong acquisition is being seen as indispensable for everyone, and, merely as supervising in focused on forestalling burn out and advancing personal development, womb-to-tomb acquisition is besides chiefly focused on prolonging length of service and endurance within working life ( Holmes, 2002 ) . Learning is the procedure of persons building and transforming experience into cognition, accomplishments, attitudes, values, beliefs, emotions ( Holmes, 2002 ) , all of which are besides sought after results of supervising, and of practical usage in guidance. A Supervision encourages counselors to reflect on their cognition, accomplishments, values and beliefs in order to convey to supervision an history of their experience, and through supervising transform it in such a manner that it is important and significant, and able to be transferred into their work and personal acquisition ( McMahon and Patton, 20002 ) . Helping and advancing the supervisee s acquisition and professional development is chiefly a affair of supplying appropriate instruction and acquisition environments ( Stoltenberg A ; Delworth, 1987 ) and may affect the supervisor in supplying pupils with chances to reflect on their values and to analyze the influence of such values in the counselor s work with clients. The purpose is to take full advantage of and recognize growing needed for the hereafter, continuously placing new countries of growing in a life-long acquisition procedure ( McMahon and Patton, 20002 ) . Decision Administrative supervising is something I am really familiar with after working in the public service for a twelve old ages. More frequently as peer supervising due to handiness of forces and cost, but besides group and one-on-one supervising applied to different sorts of undertakings. It was an activity that I found really helpful for my work, as it allowed me to be more efficient, effectual, supply a more professional end product, and to advance information sharing refering best pattern, betterments and inventions. This sort of supervising was purely impersonal, and all about work. Unfortunately, there was small attending paid to the workers, and their well being, growing and development. Reding supervising, on the other manus, has an excess dimension that is non considered when covering with strictly administrative affairs. It takes a more holistic position of assisting others, and acknowledges that we can non assist others unless we besides help ourselves. Reding supervising acknowledges that the counselor is a portion of the duologue, and can non be removed from the equation, and so takes stairss to restrict injury for all parties, to guarantee that biass or prepossessions of the counselor do non impact on any curative relationship. Reding supervising takes it that excess measure to look at back uping the counselor in their work, and in their development. Egan focuses really good on this when he looks at a certain degree of self-knowledge, self-awareness and adulthood as an indispensable demand to being an effectual counselor ( Egan, 2007 ) . Supervision provides a infinite where counselors can admit and dispute any unsighted musca volitanss, overcome prejudices and go better counselors. An appropriate supervisory relationship can assist broaden curative accomplishments. It can be used to develop intercessions and supply penetrations for appraisals. Supervision can be used to concentrate on relational issues in order to cultivate patient/client resources, and to construct up and back up a counselor s ain curative influence. Supervision should enable counselors to get new professional and personal penetrations through their ain experiences.

Battle of the Philippine Sea in World War II

Battle of the Philippine Sea in World War II The Battle of the Philippine Sea was fought on June 19-20, 1944, as part of the Pacific Theater of World War II (1939-1945). Having island-hopped across the Pacific Ocean, Allied forces advanced on the Mariana Islands in mid-1944. Seeking to block this thrust, the Imperial Japanese Navy dispatched a large force to the area. In the resulting battle, Allied forces sank three Japanese aircraft carriers and inflicted crippling losses on the Japanese fleet air arm. The aerial battle proved so one-sided that Allied pilots referred to it as the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. The victory allowed Allied forces to isolate and eliminate Japanese forces on Saipan, Guam, and Tinian. Background Having recovered from their earlier carrier losses at the Coral Sea, Midway, and the Solomons Campaign, the Japanese decided to return to the offensive in mid-1944. Initiating Operation A-Go, Admiral Soemu Toyoda, Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, committed the bulk of his surface forces to striking at the Allies. Concentrated in Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawas First Mobile Fleet, this force was centered on nine carriers (5 fleet, 4 light) and five battleships. In mid-June with American forces attacking Saipan in the Marianas, Toyoda ordered Ozawa to strike. Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa, IJN.   Public Domain Steaming into the Philippine Sea, Ozawa counted on support from Vice Admiral Kakuji Kakutas land-based planes in the Marianas which he hoped would destroy a third of the American carriers before his fleet arrived. Unknown to Ozawa, Kakutas strength had been greatly reduced by Allied air attacks on June 11-12. Alerted to Ozawas sailing by U.S. submarines, Admiral Raymond Spruance, commander of the U.S. 5th Fleet, had Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58 formed near Saipan to meet the Japanese advance. Consisting of fifteen carriers in four groups and seven fast battleships, TF-58 was intended to deal with Ozawa, while also covering the landings on Saipan. Around midnight on June 18, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, alerted Spruance that Ozawas main body had been located approximately 350 miles west-southwest of TF-58. Realizing that continuing to steam west could lead to a night encounter with the Japanese, Mitscher asked permission to move just far enough west to be able to launch an air strike at dawn. Battle of the Philippine Sea Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: July 19-20, 1944Fleets and Commanders:AlliesAdmiral Raymond SpruanceVice Admiral Marc Mitscher7 fleet carriers, 8 light carriers, 7 battleships, 79 other warships, 28 submarinesJapaneseVice Admiral Jisaburo OzawaVice Admiral Kakuji Kakuta5 fleet carriers, 4 light carriers, 5 battleships, 43 other warshipsCasualties:Allies: 123 aircraftJapan: 3 carriers, 2 oilers, and approximately 600 aircraft (around 400 carrier, 200 land-based) Fighting Begins Concerned about being lured away from Saipan and opening the door for the Japanese slip around his flank, Spruance denied Mitschers request stunning his subordinate and his aviators. Knowing that battle was imminent, TF-58 deployed with its battleships to the west to provide an anti-aircraft shield. Around 5:50 a.m. on June 19, an A6M Zero from Guam spotted TF-58 and radioed a report to Ozawa before being shot down. Operating on this information, Japanese aircraft began taking off from Guam. To meet this threat, a group of F6F Hellcat fighters was launched. Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher.   U.S. Navy History and Heritage Command Arriving over Guam, they became engaged in a large aerial battle which saw 35 Japanese aircraft shot down. Fighting for over an hour, the American planes were recalled when radar reports showed inbound Japanese aircraft. These were the first wave of aircraft from Ozawas carriers which had launched around 8:30 a.m. While the Japanese had been able to make good their losses in carriers and aircraft, their pilots were green and lacked the skill and experience of their American counterparts. Consisting of 69 aircraft, the first Japanese wave was met by 220 Hellcats approximately 55 miles from the carriers. A Turkey Shoot Committing basic mistakes, the Japanese were knocked from the sky in large numbers with 41 of the 69 aircraft being shot down in less than 35 minutes. Their only success was a hit on the battleship USS South Dakota (BB-57). At 11:07 a.m., a second wave of Japanese aircraft appeared. Having launched shortly after the first, this group was larger and numbered 109 fighters, bombers, and torpedo bombers. Engaged 60 miles out, the Japanese lost around 70 aircraft before reaching TF-58. While they managed some near misses, they failed to score any hits. By the time the attacked ended, 97 Japanese aircraft had been downed. Fighter plane contrails mark the sky over Task Force 58, during the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot phase of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, June 29, 1944.   U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command A third Japanese attack of 47 aircraft was met at 1:00 PM with seven aircraft being downed. The remainder either lost their bearings or failed to press their attacks. Ozawas final attack launched around 11:30 a.m. and consisted of 82 aircraft. Arriving in the area, 49 failed to spot TF-58 and continued on to Guam. The rest attacked as planned, but sustained heavy losses and failed to inflict any damage on the American ships. Arriving over Guam, the first group was attacked by Hellcats as they attempted to land at Orote. During this engagement, 30 of the 42 were shot down. American Strikes As Ozawas aircraft were launching, his carriers were being stalked by American submarines. The first to strike was USS Albacore which fired a spread of torpedoes at the carrier Taiho. Ozawas flagship, Taiho was hit by one which ruptured two aviation fuel tanks. A second attack came later in the day when USS Cavella struck the carrier Shokaku with four torpedoes. As Shokaku was dead in the water and sinking, a damage control error aboard Taiho led to a series of explosions which sank the ship. Recovering his aircraft, Spruance again held off turning west in an effort to protect Saipan. Making the turn at nightfall, his search aircraft spent most of June 20 trying to locate Ozawas ships. Finally around 4:00 p.m., a scout from USS Enterprise (CV-6) located the enemy. Making a daring decision, Mitscher launched an attack at extreme range and with only hours remaining before sunset. Reaching the Japanese fleet, the 550 American aircraft sank two oilers and the carrier Hiyo in exchange for twenty aircraft. In addition, hits were scored on the carriers Zuikaku, Junyo, and Chiyoda, as well as the battleship Haruna. Japanese Carrier Division Three under attack by United States Navy aircraft from Task Force 58 in the battle of the Philippine Sea, late afternoon of June 20, 1944. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command   Flying home in the darkness, the attackers began to run low on fuel and many were forced to ditch. To ease their return, Mitscher daringly ordered all of the lights in the fleet turned on despite the risk of alerting enemy submarines to their position. Landing over a two-hour span, the aircraft set down wherever was easiest with many landing on the wrong ship. Despite these efforts, around 80 aircraft were lost through ditching or crashes. His air arm effectively destroyed, Ozawa was ordered to withdraw that night by Toyoda. Aftermath The Battle of the Philippine Sea cost Allied forces 123 aircraft while the Japanese lost three carriers, two oilers, and approximately 600 aircraft (around 400 carrier, 200 land-based). The devastation wrought by American pilots on June 19 led one to comment Why, hell it was just like an old-time turkey shoot down home!† This led to the aerial fight earning the name The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. With the Japanese air arm crippled, their carriers only became useful as decoys and were deployed as such at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. While many criticized Spruance for not being aggressive enough, he was commended by his superiors for his performance.

Corporate Communications Strategies Research Paper

Corporate Communications Strategies - Research Paper Example Since corporate communication is continually evolving, it is imperative the corporate communication strategies used by organizations be up to date, strategic and effective in meeting an organization’s strategic objectives. This research paper investigates the corporate communication strategies employed by organizations that focus on enhancing organizational corporate strategies and goals, and further evaluates the corporate communication functions and channels that enhance such strategies in communicating with different stakeholders such as employees, shareholders, customers, suppliers, among others. Furthermore, the paper analyses the role and significance of corporate communication strategies focusing on corporate reputation, corporate identity and crisis management. 1.1 Corporate Communication Overview and Definition Hasanbegovic (2011, pp. 39) defines corporate communication as goal oriented activities which involve managing all external and internal communications within an organization, aimed at placing an organization in favorable light with its stakeholders. This definition is supported by Hawabhay, Abratt and Peters (2009, pp.12) who in their research note that corporate communication encompasses both external and internal communication channels that align organizational strategic objectives. Such communication need to be systematically integrated in order to prevent a fragmented and blurred image of the company. Various scholars have looked at the link between corporate communication and corporate strategy, concluding that organizations have the ability to develop a competitive advantage not only through the use of organizational resources effectively to achieve desired outcomes, but also through managing communication among different stakeholders in a company aimed at molding the perception and interpretations of the organizational stakeholders (Halliburton & Ziegfeld, 2009; Forman & Argenti, 2005; Hawabhay, Abratt, & Peters, 2009). Such commu nication also helps form long term relationships with the key stakeholders who shape the organisation’s reputation and image. Corporate communication strategies have mainly been linked to organization’s reputation building. Forman and Argenti (2005, pp. 248) makes this connection noting that the primary role of corporate communication is to develop and enhance the organization’s reputation, thereby creating a competitive advantage for the firm as the firm reduces the firm’s transactions. Corporate reputation defined as the ‘perceptual representation of the company that defines the overall appeal of the organization to the key stakeholders relative to other rival companies (Hasnbegovic, 2011, pp. 39), is clearly a central focus in any corporate communication strategy. From the above definition it can be noted that in order to develop and maintain a favorable corporate reputation, then corporate communications are directed at influencing the perceptio ns of different stakeholders on how an organization is viewed. This clearly implies therefore, that the central purpose of corporate communication function in an organization is to manage the impression of a company’s stakeholders on order to enhance the reputation of the

How to Be Successful Managers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to Be Successful Managers - Research Paper Example All in all, the successful managers should embrace the strategies that will make their company to have a health growth. Further, successful managers should make use of their employees to achieve the good that come from them (Mack 3). This research will explore the management in the hotel industry. First the research endeavors to collect tangible and first hand information from Richard Moore, a manager in Big Island Hotel in Hawaii. Second, the report will explore the job openings and trends in the in the hotel industries. Third, it will reveal the job prospects in the hotel industry, experience that is required, and the credentials that are needed to join hotel industry. The report will finally give my eligibility and concerns about working in this field. Hotel industry deals with offering accommodation to people who are far away from their residence. The industries offers food, shelter, and sleep to make sure all the needs of their clients are catered for. Some of the key players in this field include resorts, casinos, and private clubs (Barrows and Powers 4). It is therefore important to have good management in this industry for client full satisfaction. To gain a deeper understanding of management in the hotel, the report interviewed Richard Moore, the manager of Hawaii Big Island Hotel. This hotel is the best performing hotel in Hawaii. Because of the extremely customer friendly services it offers, Big Island has amassed many awards and recommendation from experts and their clients. Richard Moore gives the qualities that make an effective management in the Big Island Hotel. He reveals that a managers need to search the relevant information on the current prices in the hotel market. This helps to compare with the rates of other players in the market. According to Moore, there are different sources of information where one can get the details about the rates of competitors. These include local rates of corporate, their websites, and the group rates (Mack 16). Richard informs this research that the data is crucial in hotel management because it gives a rough estimate of what clients may be willing to pay. In addition, it helps the hotel manager in setting up of rates in a level that comfortably keeps hotels in operation. Richard goes ahead to state the two ways of setting the rates. The first method is reduction in the operating expenses. According to him, this method targets to maximize income of the hotel industry. The second method focuses on generating revenues. Richard asserts that to achieve maximum revenue collection, the manager should ensure classic accommodation of their clients. Moore alludes that managers should always strive to make a lot of gains and cut the expenses (PKF Hospitality Research). Richard Moore emphasizes that managing the hotels staff is the heart of success in hotel industry. Without a good relationship between the staff and the management team the hotel business heads to doom. Richard says that the managers should not only pay attention to market rates alone. There should be a well and close-knit relationship between the top management team and the subordinates. As a way of explanation, Moore insists that managers should always be physically available and accessible. He says that distinct factions are the cause of failures in most hotel industry. Moore asserts that learning about the subordinate names, their families,

Exploring the opportunites and challenges of Developing Islamic Dissertation

Exploring the opportunites and challenges of Developing Islamic Financial services in Seychelles - Dissertation Example I have read the University regulations concerning plagiarism. I am willing to allow The University of _______________ School of Management to use my dissertation as a sample for future students. Signed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Abstract (This page intentionally left blank) CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW ______________________________________ The Republic of Seychelles comprises of approximately 100 islands located between 4 and 5 degrees south of the equator, with a longitude of between 55 and 56 degrees east (Kawaley, 1998, pp. 226 – 227). ... Britain was to administer the Seychelles island group from Mauritius until the year 1903, and it was during this time that the British resettled African slaves rescued from Arab slave traders on these islands. Thus, today the Seychelles islands present a melting pot of many races, including mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab with the tourism sector playing a leading role in economic growth together with commercial fishing (CIA, 2012). The official language of the Seychelles is English, but the use of the Creole language comes naturally to approximately 91.8% of the more than 90,024 inhabitants of these islands who live on an area of about 455 sq. km, which is 2.5 times the size of Washington DC, enclosed by a coastline that is 491 km in length. Seychelles was to become an independent nation in the year 1976, and Seychelles now exists as an Independent Republic with a democratically elected government within the British Commonwealth. The Figures below depict the relative geographic position of the Seychelles together with the more prominent islands in the Seychelles island group. According to CIA (2012), Seychelles has succeeded in expanding its per-capita output to approximately US$ 25,000 from a near-subsistence level at the time of independence, and this is a remarkable achievement for a country located near Africa. The tourism sector is the leading hard-currency earner, contributing nearly 70% to the foreign exchange earnings, but Seychelles has tried to diversify its export base to include farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. It is important to note that Seychelles competes with Comoros, Madagascar and Mauritius to attract tourists and this means that competition exists in tourism. However,

The Overview of an Article about Japanese Animation Essay

The Overview of an Article about Japanese Animation - Essay Example The essay "The Overview of an Article about Japanese Animation" talks about the article that describes the Japanese attempts to animate the western ways of imagination and even some aspects of its art culture. The article starts with a sort of story and this continues for a while but at the end of the paragraph comes the thesis statement which explicitly enables the reader to know what the article will be about. The thesis presented in the article is backed up by the artwork of Monet’s La Japonaise where even though it has a bit of Japanese theme based on clothing, the other impressionists are all western. This is a new thing in the Japanese art. This is evidence of the painting is also in coincidence with the films and other artwork by the Japanese whose direction has changed from purely Japanese themes to a mixture of Japanese and western ideas. Questions and even answers about more evidence of this thesis statement and in support of the article are found further in the article. The author also specifies the time changes of these art impressions and direction and hence anyone with more questions can check this up against historical books. The explicit explanations offered by the author about this subject of discussion leaves the audience satisfied. The author’s discussion about the change in direction of Japanese art and also the pictorial evidence makes me agree with her. I do not agree with her argument that Japanese culture still has great influence over the western type of art since the 19th Century to date.

Explain the concept of precedent, making specific reference to the Essay

Explain the concept of precedent, making specific reference to the doctrine of promissory estoppel as developed in the case of C - Essay Example The achieved stability allows for predictability in law in addition to offering some degree of individual rights security. Precedent also ensure that the law only develops with regards to the changing view-points of communities, thereby, reflecting, more accurately, the expectations and morals of the community. The concept of precedent makes a system adaptable to changing and varying circumstances; rational, highly practical, and puts into consideration various human experiences2. The doctrine of precedent also referred to stare decisis, is not only the most important aspect of Common Law, but is indeed a distinctive feature of the said tradition. It is true that, for dynamism and coherence, Common Law depends on precedent for the preservation of its tradition. Therefore, what is this concept of precedent, which is so much a key part of Common Law? Precedent is an expression-shorthand-of stare decisis, which means to stand by the decisions3. In practice and theory, the concept of pre cedent implies that courts of lower cadre must follow or ensure their decisions are in tandem with those of courts of higher cadre in questions of law, and that, those higher courts should, by themselves, depart from decisions that they had prior made on questions of law, only in the event that there are important reasons for them to do so4. In simpler terms, the concept of precedent requires that court stand by their decisions in questions of law that are similar. The principles of precedent apply to decisions interpreting positive law as much as it applies to customary laws5. It should be noted that, in the event that lower courts fail to follow precedent of a higher court in its decision, chances are, such decisions can be reversed in appeal. In the case of ‘Central London Property Trust Ltd V. High Trees House Ltd [1947] Kb 130’, 1947, in which Central London had sued High Trees House for full payment of rent despite their previous agreement in 1940, where High Tree s House was to pay rent reduced by half6, is a perfect example of how the concept of precedence has been utilized in making decisions of questions in law. Judge, Lord Denning, J., in his ruling or judgment, that the full rent was payable from mid-1945 when the flat was fully occupied, followed past precedent from previous decisions such as that in the case of Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co7. According to the principles of precedent, a court can only depart from past precedent only with strong justification. Deviation from precedent is permissible in the event that earlier decision has obvious error or the principle of law that the precedent established is not reasonable; or in the event that there are changes in law that render the reasoning behind the earlier decision weak8. This is evident in Judge, Lord Denning, J., judgment, which in his continued obiter statement; he claims that Central London would not have been able to receive full rent if they had tried to claim it from 19 40 onwards. This statement was not in binding with precedent; however, it led to the creation of the doctrine of promissory estoppel. The judge reasoned that, in the event that a person lead another person to believe that he/she will not enforce strict legal rights, the courts are obliged to prevent them, at a later stage, from doing so9. Courts have the obligation of distinguishing its case from precedent already established in the scenario where the facts in the current case

Narration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Narration - Essay Example The physically challenged have also shown the rest of humanity that they can deliver beyond expectation. This paper will give a narration on which I tap my inspiration from, the individual’s life story and that incidence that made me choose them as my inspiration. Moreover, this paper will discuss the significance that this personality has in my life and in the lives of others in the realization of the goals and achievements otherwise perceived to be unattainable. Oprah Winfrey, the most powerful and influential woman in America is my source of inspiration. She is the owner of a vast business empire whose net worth estimation is in billions and billions of dollars. Not all this came easy as she built her economic empire through sweat and a lot of hard work. She was born Oprah Gail Winfrey on January 29, 1954 in Kosciussko in the state of Mississipi (Fry 1). Her love for books stated at a very tender age and the age of five, she could read the bible before starting kindergarten . She stayed with her grandmother, Hattie Mae Lee who in turn nurtured the book reading culture that Oprah had developed. In addition, her idea of one day becoming a great person was highly influenced by her love for television at the age of seven. However, her smooth childhood had it twists as her nineteen-year-old cousin who had to watch over her and her siblings defiled her. In the years after she was also sexually abused by her uncle and by a family friend. She kept silent over the abuses as the abusers told her to keep the incidences a secret. Despite the sexual abuse hurdles that she had to overcome, Oprah had an astounding performance in high school that led her into joining an all white high school. Ironically, her good behavior soon changed, as she got pregnant at the age of fourteen because of running away from home. Her mother, not knowing the reason for her rebellion, sent Oprah to her father in Nashville. Her early labor at the seventh month resulted in her delivering a boy who lost his life after two weeks of living. Surprisingly, this experience in her life made her change her ill ways and decided to concentrate on her books and her public speaking ability. Additionally, in 1971 she became the first woman of color to gain a beauty title. Her public speaking prowess also landed her a four-year tertiary institution scholarship while working as a part time newsreader. Later, she became a student at Tennessee State University and got an offer to work for a local television as a reader for evening news. Eventually, her star began to shine in 1976 when she shifted to Baltimore for a Major role in the media industry. She hosted her first talk show in 1984 after her move to Chicago and she has never looked back since then. She also exhibited acting ability and got her first acting job in the movie, The Color Purple, in the year 1985 (Fry 2). Currently, her business empire has made her become one of the richest women of our time. Though childless, she co nsiders the girls she helps educate by financing their needs as her daughters. Notably, she was the driving force behind President Barak Obama’s election bid in 2008. She also has a book club where she does book reviews with and for her worldwide audience. Exceptionally, she is an advocate for the girl child and her rights all over the continent.

The Overview of an Article about Japanese Animation Essay

The Overview of an Article about Japanese Animation - Essay Example The essay "The Overview of an Article about Japanese Animation" talks about the article that describes the Japanese attempts to animate the western ways of imagination and even some aspects of its art culture. The article starts with a sort of story and this continues for a while but at the end of the paragraph comes the thesis statement which explicitly enables the reader to know what the article will be about. The thesis presented in the article is backed up by the artwork of Monet’s La Japonaise where even though it has a bit of Japanese theme based on clothing, the other impressionists are all western. This is a new thing in the Japanese art. This is evidence of the painting is also in coincidence with the films and other artwork by the Japanese whose direction has changed from purely Japanese themes to a mixture of Japanese and western ideas. Questions and even answers about more evidence of this thesis statement and in support of the article are found further in the article. The author also specifies the time changes of these art impressions and direction and hence anyone with more questions can check this up against historical books. The explicit explanations offered by the author about this subject of discussion leaves the audience satisfied. The author’s discussion about the change in direction of Japanese art and also the pictorial evidence makes me agree with her. I do not agree with her argument that Japanese culture still has great influence over the western type of art since the 19th Century to date.

Narration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Narration - Essay Example The physically challenged have also shown the rest of humanity that they can deliver beyond expectation. This paper will give a narration on which I tap my inspiration from, the individual’s life story and that incidence that made me choose them as my inspiration. Moreover, this paper will discuss the significance that this personality has in my life and in the lives of others in the realization of the goals and achievements otherwise perceived to be unattainable. Oprah Winfrey, the most powerful and influential woman in America is my source of inspiration. She is the owner of a vast business empire whose net worth estimation is in billions and billions of dollars. Not all this came easy as she built her economic empire through sweat and a lot of hard work. She was born Oprah Gail Winfrey on January 29, 1954 in Kosciussko in the state of Mississipi (Fry 1). Her love for books stated at a very tender age and the age of five, she could read the bible before starting kindergarten . She stayed with her grandmother, Hattie Mae Lee who in turn nurtured the book reading culture that Oprah had developed. In addition, her idea of one day becoming a great person was highly influenced by her love for television at the age of seven. However, her smooth childhood had it twists as her nineteen-year-old cousin who had to watch over her and her siblings defiled her. In the years after she was also sexually abused by her uncle and by a family friend. She kept silent over the abuses as the abusers told her to keep the incidences a secret. Despite the sexual abuse hurdles that she had to overcome, Oprah had an astounding performance in high school that led her into joining an all white high school. Ironically, her good behavior soon changed, as she got pregnant at the age of fourteen because of running away from home. Her mother, not knowing the reason for her rebellion, sent Oprah to her father in Nashville. Her early labor at the seventh month resulted in her delivering a boy who lost his life after two weeks of living. Surprisingly, this experience in her life made her change her ill ways and decided to concentrate on her books and her public speaking ability. Additionally, in 1971 she became the first woman of color to gain a beauty title. Her public speaking prowess also landed her a four-year tertiary institution scholarship while working as a part time newsreader. Later, she became a student at Tennessee State University and got an offer to work for a local television as a reader for evening news. Eventually, her star began to shine in 1976 when she shifted to Baltimore for a Major role in the media industry. She hosted her first talk show in 1984 after her move to Chicago and she has never looked back since then. She also exhibited acting ability and got her first acting job in the movie, The Color Purple, in the year 1985 (Fry 2). Currently, her business empire has made her become one of the richest women of our time. Though childless, she co nsiders the girls she helps educate by financing their needs as her daughters. Notably, she was the driving force behind President Barak Obama’s election bid in 2008. She also has a book club where she does book reviews with and for her worldwide audience. Exceptionally, she is an advocate for the girl child and her rights all over the continent.

Modernism in the making Gustav Klimt Essay Example for Free

Modernism in the making Gustav Klimt Essay The early twentieth century is a period that gave rise to a number of artists distinguished as the best in their respective fields. From engravers, to painters, to sculptors and to literary greats, these individuals changed and modified the way their art was made and interpreted. They extended the tradition visions and opened new horizons for the world to better understand art. Gustav Klimt was one of these innovators, an artist that fascinated everyone with his unique style and approach in painting. Gustav Klimt, who lived from July 14, 1862 until February 6, 1918, was born in Baumgarten. He had four sisters and two brothers, and was the second eldest of them all. His father Ernst Klimt was from Bohemia and worked as a gold engraver. At a very early age, Gustav Klimt veered greatly towards art and enrolled at the State School of Applied Arts in Vienna where he studied a field called architectural painting. This led to a career in painting interiors and large ceilings of different public structures. A lot of murals in these buildings were also accredited to Klimt (Fliedl, 2006). In 1897, Klimt’s effect to the art world increased when he and others founded the Vienna Secession, a group of artists dedicated in bringing to the public works of unconventional artists. The group preferred no particular style, and different approaches to art existed under one roof. The movement became a revolt towards academic art style, challenging the views of the conservative fine arts (Sterling and Clark Art Institute, 2002). Throughout his lifetime, Klimt received numerous citations and awards for his contributions to art. One of these is the prestigious Golden Order of Merit from the Emperor Franz Josef. His group the â€Å"Company of Artists†, composed of himself, his brother Ernst, and their friend Franz Matsch also gained praises from both the academic and popular art divisions (Fliedl, 2006). Aside from art, Klimt also had a family by his side, with Emilie Floge as his wife. It is, however, quite known to many that Klimt had several relationships with different women, fathering a total of 14 children (Collins, 2001). But Emilie Floge stayed dedicated to Klimt, being his companion until his death at the relatively young age of 55 (Fliedl, 2006). Gustav’s style was known to many to be a revolution and a transformation from traditional works, and clearly from the common academic teachings of his time. His began developing his personal style at about the same time when the Vienna Secession took shape. It also evident that Klimt was consciously connected with the environment and factors around him that could have influenced his way of thinking. Klimt lived in the town of Vienna during the turn of the century. It was a time where a great battle between different aspects and standards of life was going on. Gilles Neret (1993) described the scene: Artists and intellectuals developed enormous creativity, torn as they were between reality and illusion, between the traditional and the modern. With inhabitants such as Sigmund Freud, Otto Wagner, Gustav Mahler and Arnold Schonberg, the city was a â€Å"Laboratory of the Apocalypse†, a late bloom, a last creative tumult before its decline. (p. 7) It was within this â€Å"laboratory† where Klimt created his work, bringing up a linkage between a passing world of tradition and an emerging one of modernism (Neret, 1993). Just like many other artists in his time, Klimt was challenged to create something totally unique and different, something that would reflect his own feelings and personality. He achieved this by creating art works that are very ornamental. Gold and shiny colors are very much present in his works, such as in the painting entitled â€Å"Adele Bloch-Bauers Portrait†. The portrait depicts a woman in elegancy, covered with a magnificent flowing dress of gold. The background was also painted in gold and yellowish hues. Aside from the colors, several jewelries can also be seen around the subject’s arms and neck. One interesting thing about the painting is the presence of different styles, yet common theme, patterns along the dress of the subject and on the background. These figures composed of eyes, triangles, squares, and circles, are another trademark of the artist. Klimt uses a lot of kaleidoscopic elements in his work. Most of these can be seen as symbolic, and it would take a little more effort to be able to draw the different meanings from Klimt’s works. Another common theme of Klimt’s art is the erotic element in his art. Vienna during those days fostered a languid yet exalted atmosphere which could have encouraged the artist to work a lot on eroticism (Neret, 1993). He is fond of using women as his subjects, and exposes their beauty and sweetness in the form of painting. The effectiveness of this element is manifested perfectly in this work â€Å"Judith I†. This is another image of a woman, also painted in a flavorful golden background. Her neck is covered with a broad ornament, also colored gold. On her hand hangs the head of a man. Although covered with some clothing, a great deal of flesh and skin is blatantly revealed. Also, aside from holding a head, her left hand is positioned as if pushing the part of her dress away, intentionally exposing her right breast. The eroticism of the image is additionally stressed by the sensual expression of the woman: eyes and lips almost showing signs of inner ecstasy and goodness. Nevertheless, Klimt was able to capture the beauty and perfection of a woman, without compensating any single angle on which a woman may be viewed. Klimt’s eroticism, however, became the subject of many critics. One of his greatest controversies is the attack on his murals for a Vienna university due to the bold and pornographic essence they hold (Sterling and Clark Art Institute, 2002). This however, had little effect on Klimt as he continued working with eroticism and women. Personally, I do not find the styles of Gustav Klimt to be a sign of pornography and taboo. Klimt used eroticism to further increase the sensuality of his paintings, adding a new dimension to the flat portrait of his subjects. Also, his use of this element must be seen symbolically and not just as a random factor in his works. Gustav Klimt used a lot of symbols in his paintings, from the kaleidoscopic images to different repeating patterns around and on the subject, and even the subjects themselves. One final work of Klimt that was able to grab my utmost attention is â€Å"The Kiss†, a painting that was said to be one of Klimt’s greatest works. It is an image of a couple in an intense scene where the male is passionately kissing the female. Sensuality is present in the painting, and a hint of ecstasy can be seen from the woman’s expression. Both are shrouded in something that looks like a golden veil. The broad background is in a bronze color, with different shadings of gray and black. On the foot of the couple lies a carpet of green area with dots of pastel colors scattered all over. This area is not that symbolical, and an experienced viewer can easily depict this as a garden, or probably a meadow of flowers where the lovers did their kiss. As with his previous works, a lot of repeating patterns are used in the painting. The male’s clothing is covered with rectangles of colors ranging from white to black. Some are â€Å"transparent†, and reveals the golden overall color of the male’s suit. The female on the other hand is covered with circles of different colors and sizes. On the bottom part of the female, particularly on her legs and feet hangs golden necklaces that extend to the carpet of flowers. The painting as a whole is a treasure throve of symbols. This can be interpreted in different ways. The golden veil, for example, can be a sign of endlessness and infinity. It shows how strong a kiss can be in creating a union between a male and a female. Time was symbolized as an imperishable element like gold. The painting also evokes a â€Å"sparkling feeling† when someone kisses another. Aside from the golden color, the positioning of the subjects also shows the superiority of the male. The woman, with her facial features, expresses succumbing to the power the kiss of male gives. But the hug by her hands suggests a mutual understanding between the two, and not just any abuse of patriarchal power over feminism. The patterns on the dresses of the subjects also serves as symbols that provide additional foundation on the painting. The rectangles signify a being full of strength and power. The black and white scheme also fosters an atmosphere of courage in the male. He was also wearing a crown of vines that shows wisdom and knowledge. On the other hand, the circles define womanhood – caring, warm, open, and eternal. Some circles are drawn inside larger circles, which might suggest pregnancy and formation of a new life inside an old one. The painting â€Å"The Kiss† is ever since opened to different interpretations and translations. Some would say that it shows power of men, others would decode it as a balanced act of love, while still many unravels it as a hidden desire of pleasure in women. Nobody really knows what Gustav Klimt was thinking when he created this work, and this is what makes â€Å"The Kiss† special. It is a work embedded with numerous symbols waiting to be identified and clarified. And this is what makes viewing a Klimt painting enjoyable. Each picture tends to create a sensation of difference and a struggle to derive the real meaning of the symbols found in the artwork. This shows the effectiveness of Klimt as an artist – someone who can stimulate an audience’s mind to think beyond the normal. References: Collins, J. (2001). Klimt: Modernism in the making. Canada: University of Michigan Press Fleidl, G. (2006). Klimt. Berlin: Taschen Neret, G. (1993). Gustav Klimt. Berlin: Taschen Sterling and Clark Art Institute. (2002). Gustav Klimt Landscapes. Retrieved May 03, 2008, from http://www. clarkart. edu/exhibitions/klimt/klimt/bio. cfm â€Å"Adele Bloch-Bauers Portrait† image from NBC news archive, April 9, 2006. Retrieved May 02, 2008, from http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/12187512/ â€Å"Judith I† image from All Posters website, 2008. Retrieved May 02, 2008, from http://www. allposters. com/-sp/Judith-I-Posters_i324971_. htm â€Å"The Kiss† image from Art in the Picture website. Retrived May 02, 2008, from http://www. artinthepicture. com/paintings/Gustav_Klimt/The-Kiss/