Remoción de condiciones de la residencia por matrimonio

Los extranjeros que obtienen la tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio  con un ciudadano antes de cumplir los dos aà ±os de casados  deben solicitar la remocià ³n de las condiciones si quieren conservar su estatus de residentes. Hay que hacer la remocià ³n de la condicionalidad 90 dà ­as (3 meses) antes de que expire la tarjeta de residencia condicional. A partir de ahà ­ todas las green card que tenga serà ¡n definitivas, pero habrà ¡ que renovarlas antes de que expiren. Quà © hacer para la remocià ³n de las condiciones de la tarjeta de residencia Rellenar conjuntamente ambos cà ³nyuges la planilla I-751 y enviarla al centro del USCIS que corresponda junto con el pago de la tarifa y la documentacià ³n necesaria. La planilla debe rellenarse utilizando sà ³lo un bolà ­grafo de tinta negra. Escribir N/A para dejar sin contestar las preguntas que no le afectan a su situacià ³n personal y escribir NONE cuando la respuesta deba ser ninguno. Si para contestar a alguna pregunta no llega el espacio proporcionado en el formulario, entonces tomar una hoja en blanco, escribir en la parte superior de la misma el nombre del residente permanente, su Alien Registration Number y la seccià ³n y nà ºmero de pregunta que se va a contestar en esta hoja adicional. Cuà ¡ndo no està ¡n obligados los cà ³nyuges a rellenar conjuntamente la planilla I-751 Cuando el matrimonio haya sido de buena fe pero haya finalizado por viudedad, nulidad o divorcio. En este caso, adjuntar documento que acredite el fin del matrimonio. En los casos de divorcio à ©ste se ha tenido que producir por un caso de violencia o crueldad extrema hacia el cà ³nyuge extranjero. Incluso en los casos en los que el matrimonio no se ha disuelto pero el cà ³nyuge extranjero ha sufrido violencia domà ©stica à ©ste puede presentar en solitario la solicitud de remocià ³n de las condiciones de la tarjeta de residencia. Pero deberà ¡ adjuntar documentacià ³n que pruebe esta situacià ³n, como son rà ©cords mà ©dicos, policiales, de asistentes sociales o de una corte. Incluso fotografà ­as de lesiones producidas por el abuso o declaraciones de un centro de acogida a và ­ctimas de la violencia domà ©stica. Documentos que se deben adjuntar con la peticià ³n Una fotocopia legible de la tarjeta de residencia por ambos lados. Documentos que sirvan de evidencia de que el matrimonio no es fraudulento y se ha celebrado con el à ºnico propà ³sito de conseguir los papeles. Entre los ejemplos de documentacià ³n que sirve para este propà ³sito destacan: Certificado de nacimiento de hijos en comà ºn.Hipotecas en comà ºn, contrato de arrendamiento, cuentas de banco de ambos cà ³nyuges, prà ©stamos, facturas a nombre de los dos, seguros de vida a favor del otro.Declaraciones juradas de al menos dos personas que conozcan la naturaleza del matrimonio y està ©n dispuestas a testificar que se trata de una relacià ³n de buena fe. En su declaracià ³n deben indicar su nombre completo, fecha de nacimiento, lugar de residencia y cà ³mo es que conocen al matrimonio.Ademà ¡s, si se ha sido arrestado, demandado, o condenado en corte debe enviarse la documentacià ³n original que debe suministrar la agencia policial que realizà ³ el arresto, o la corte que sentencià ³ condenando o absolviendo. Y si se ha cumplido la condena, documentacià ³n original de ello. En los casos de multas de trà ¡fico no hay que notificarlas si no ha habido arresto y sà ³lo se ha impuesto pà ©rdida de puntos de la licencia de manejar y/o una multa inferior a los $500. Pero sà ­ deberà ¡ hacerse cuando està ¡n relacionadas con haber tomado alcohol o drogas. Si se adjunta algà ºn documento en un idioma distinto del inglà ©s, deberà ¡ ser traducido por una persona que certifique que tiene un adecuado conocimiento de ambos idiomas. Costo de remover las condiciones de la tarjeta de residencia Este trà ¡mite tiene un costo de $590. En realidad hay que pagar $505 por el acto de la remocià ³n las condiciones y $85 por la gestià ³n de los datos biomà ©tricos (toma de huellas digitales, etc.). Ademà ¡s, si un ciudadano americano hubiese pedido la tarjeta de residencia condicional para sus hijastros, ademà ¡s de para su cà ³nyuge, deberà ¡ abonarse $85 por cada nià ±o o muchacho para el que se realice el trà ¡mite de quitar las condiciones. Esto aplica sà ³lo en los casos en los que los chicos adquirieron la residencia al mismo tiempo que su padre o su madre o en los 90 dà ­as siguientes. Si tomà ³ mà ¡s tiempo, debe entonces rellenarse un I-751 por cada muchacho en esa situacià ³n. A dà ³nde enviar la documentacià ³n Depende del lugar de residencia habitual. Las personas que viven en los estados de Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Dakota del Norte, Dakota del Sur, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Ohio, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin y Wyoming o en los territorios de Guam o la Samoa Americana deben enviar la peticià ³n a: USCIS California Service CenterP.O. Box 10751Laguna Niguel, CA 92607-1075 Pero si se vive en: Alabama, Arkansas, Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur, Connecticut, Delaware, Washington, D.C., Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Nuevo Hampshire, Nueva Jersey, Nuevo Mexico, Nueva York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, y Virginia Occidental o en las Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas o Puerto Rico, entonces se enviarà ¡ la documentacià ³n a: USCIS Vermont Service Center75 Lower Welden StreetP.O. Box 200St. Albans, VT 05479-0001 Entrevista Estas 65 preguntas dan una idea de quà © esperar en la entrevista a esposos. La finalidad es intentar diferenciar entre un matrimonio real y otro de mera conveniencia. El caso especial de cà ³nyuge de militares Las personas que desean remover las condiciones de su green card cuando està ¡n en el extranjero acompaà ±ando a su cà ³nyuge que es militar o trabaja para el gobierno de los EEUU deberà ¡n adjuntar dos fotos tipo pasaporte y una tarjeta con sus huellas digitales tomada en una oficina consular americana. Consejo y advertencia Se recomienda tomar este test sobre  cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia.  Sirve para asegurarse conocer informacià ³n esencial. Finalmente, los extranjeros que adquieren la green card por  ser inversionista  tambià ©n obtienen una tarjeta de residencia temporal. Pero para remover las condiciones deben seguir un trà ¡mite distinto. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Incorporated In 1938, Walt Disney Has Been A Well-Known

Incorporated in 1938, Walt Disney has been a well-known name in the entertainment business. According to Global Financial Data, Disney first started offering stock to the public in 1940 with a cumulative convertible preferred and then in 1946 it offered â€Å"OTC† (over the counter) common. On November 12, 1957, the NYSE added Disney to its list. So how is the financial condition of Walt Disney today? In the next few sections, I will take a closer look at the financial records of the company including the balance sheet and income statement to perform an analysis to see how strong the company is today and if they can keep that strength moving forward. The company’s capital structure, liquidity, and profitability along with other data will be†¦show more content†¦This will help to see how the stock will move with the market in the next few years. With a beta score of 2.0 or greater, the risk increases and the stock can double or it can be reduced to very little in minutes. A beta score of 0.5 would mean that there is little risk involved. The average beta score is 1.0. The beta score for Disney is 1.32 which means that historically, the stock has been moving closely with the market. In comparison, Time Warner has a beta score of .87, showing that it is moving a little slower than average with the market. WACC WACC or Weighted average cost of capital is found from a common stock, preferred stock, bonds and different components of debt cost. Signs of increased risk in the market can be found if the WACC increases, which also increases the beta and the rate of return. The WACC is important to know because it gives insight to future funding expenses. If the number is high, it means that the company will have more expenses to fund new projects. If the number is low, funding new projects will be less expensive and easier to complete. Walt Disney’s WACC is 9.99% and its return on invested capital is 14.60% in comparison to its competitor Time Warner who has a WACC of 6.87% and a return on invested capital at 12.34%. (Walt Disney Co, n.d.) Average Bond Yield The amount of return an investor expects on a bond is the bond yield. The average bond yield is the average that is expected from the bonds. According toShow MoreRelatedI Am Enamored By The Man Who Made All Of It Possible3289 Words   |  14 Pagesborn. Walt was one of five children. He had three older brothers one of which he would later in life be business partners with. Roy and Walt Disney would eventually be Walt Disney Studios. In 1906 the Disney family moved to a 45 acre farm in Marceline Missouri. Walt learned about teamwork while working the farm. Disney farm is where he began to draw animals and nourish his imagination. At Benton Grammar School but showed great ability in art class .Benton Grammar school is where Disney met WalterRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagescreating a global media conglomerate was more important than simply being vertically integrated. Gomerys history tells the story of a tale of two systems using primary materials from a score of archives across the United States as well as a close reading of both the business and trade press of the time. Together with a range of photographs never before published the book also features over 150 box features illuminating aspect of the business . During the 1920s,Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesforecasting programs confront in establishing the economic determinants of corporate planning? In addition to these challenges, many analytical and strategic evaluation approaches that are used in an attempt to identify and project how well a company is performing have been overwhelmed by the frequency and magnitude of these economic groundswells. In today’s competitive climate, where the changes outside a business exceed the productive changes within a business, a company’s future viability is clearlyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestextbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices o f organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. OrganizationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesby the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contoursRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesNew Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index

Essay about Was Dropping an Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima Ethical

Gather the facts On December 7th, 1941 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii was the target of an unannounced military attack by the Japanese Navy. This resulted in the United States entry into World War II. After almost 4 years of war, 400,000 US casualties, 6 months of air strikes on Japanese cities and an impending defeat of Japan, an ultimatum was delivered to Japan by the United States: surrender or be destroyed. On August 6th, 1945 the United States military dropped the first atomic bomb as an act of war on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. 3 days later, the second and last to date, atomic bomb was dropped onto Nagasaki, Japan. Under the direction of President Harry Truman, the atomic bombs were dropped in response to the disregarded ultimatum†¦show more content†¦The property of hundreds of thousands of owners would be destroyed in the dropping of the bomb. Any insured property bore the interest of the company insuring it. The construction companies that would need to rebuild the city have an interest in the potential profits from the work. The environment and all of its plants and animals also have a natural interest in this issue as stakeholders. The nature of the Atomic Bomb created a global and theoretical set of stakeholders that few other ethical dilemmas reach. In many ways this use of nuclear technology created the Cold War and the global fear of a nuclear Armageddon. At that time every citizen of the globe feared how the use of nuclear weapons would harm them and their world. The future is also a stakeholder in this conversation. The effects of nuclear fallout were not well understood at the time. Nuclear aftermath could last for decades and even longer, effecting the health and livelihood of all living things for generations to come. The information that could be collected and research opportunities created after a nuclear weapon detonation would be studied for centuries and will change medicine and research forever. Future citizens and scientists were also stakeholders in this decision. The list of stakeholders in the decision to drop the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima is essentially limitless. The earth and all of its inhabitants have a stake in detonatingShow MoreRelatedThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1593 Words   |  7 Pages Bombing of Hiroshima On August 8th 1945 the first atomic weapon, a fission bomb, was dropped on the city of Hiroshima in an attempt to force the Japanese to surrender in World War II (Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2009). This event exposed the danger of nuclear energy. This massive explosion demolished 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people. This was only the beginning though, tens of thousands of innocent people died due to the aftermath of radiation exposure for anotherRead MoreAtomic Bombs And Its Effects On Japan1369 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine how many atomic bombs that have killed many Japanese during, World War II in Japan? On August 6, 1945, a new weapon with a significant explosive power known as the atomic bombs just has been dropped on Japan. The dropping of this weapon on Hiroshima and Nagasaki there were 262,020 civilians were killed. The United States to chose the atomic bomb in order for Japan to surrender and end the war quickly. Likewise, President Tr uman as the duty as president and Commander in Chief to protectRead MoreWas the Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima Justified Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesWere the Americans justified in dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945? The dropping of the atomic bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 1945 by the Americans is a very controversial issue with no definite answer. Both sides of the issue have very justifiable arguments. Reasons for dropping the bomb include the fact that Truman’s options were limited at this point in the war, that the bomb did have the desired outcome of Japans surrender and that the majority of reasonsRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different ways in which WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he madeRead More Harry S. Truman For Defeating Japan s Barbaric Regime And Ending The Bloodiest War1641 Words   |  7 Pageswhen Harry S. Truman was forced to decide whether or not to drop the atomic bombs on Japan, the moral choice was clear: dropping the bombs was the most viable option available that would end World War II, minimize casualties on both sides of the war, and ensure American victory. Every other option available to Truman would have resulted in a much greater loss for the people of both Japan and the United States. While dropping atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was undeniably an atrocityRead MoreEssay on The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb1543 Words   |  7 PagesThe Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed the United States naval facility known as Pearl Harbor. This attack brought the United States into World War Two. Within the four years that followed, the United States--under the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt-- researched and developed an atomic bomb. This was known as the Manhattan Project. Such a bomb was more powerful and destructive than any ever known to man. After FDR died on April 12,Read MoreEssay On The Atomic Bomb837 Words   |  4 Pagesit ultimately brings an end to the war? The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II clearly exemplifies the ethical question of whether bombing civilians was right or wrong. The decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not clear cut. Harry S. Truman and his associated generals (Stimson and Groves) had to come to a conclusion on how to swiftly end the war with the least number of casualties. 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With Germany defeated and the Allied Forces ready for the cease-fire, only the Axis power of Japan stood in the way of the end of the World War. Worried about Nazi Germany’s technological advances earlier in the war, the United States began to research atomic energy and the possibility of creating an atomic bomb (Walker 10). When the bombs were created, the argumentsRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Is It Really Justified?1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Atomic Bomb, was it really justified? On August 6, 1945, after forty-four months of increasingly brutal fighting in the Pacific, an American B-29 bomber loaded with a devastating new weapon flew in the sky over Hiroshima, Japan waiting for a signal. Minutes later the signal was given, that new weapon, the atomic bomb, was released. Its enormous destructive energy detonated in the sky, killing one hundred thousand Japanese civilians instantly. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, the United

An Ironic, Witty Short Story by Guy de Maupassant, The...

Guy de Maupassant is considered to be one of the fathers of short stories, he is a French author who lived in the 19th century. Born in 1850 at the Chateau de Miromesnil in France, to a lone literary mother who passed on her passion for books to Guy. The author’s writing style is characterized by economy of style, brilliant irony and elegant denouement. Maupassant wrote over 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and a volume of verse. Maupassant incorporated genres such as realism and naturalism within his works and his first published story; â€Å"Boule de Suif† (ball of fat) is considered by many as being his masterpiece. â€Å"The Necklace† is an ironic, amusing and witty short story which deals with themes such as the†¦show more content†¦Mathilde is not portrayed as being characteristic of the â€Å"Petite Bourgeoisie† due to being contrasted with her cherishing husband who falls within the same social class. Madame Loisel is more of a satirical representation of the â€Å"Petite Bourgeoisie†, I think Maupassant mocks her as a stereotypical diva rather than uses her to depict the social class. Exquisite but worthless, the necklace illustrates the puissance of perception and the breach between appearance and actuality. In the story, Madame Loisel borrows the necklace from her intimate idol Madame Forestier, with intention as to insinuate wealth. Madame Forestier hides the fact that the necklace is a fake she too wants to impress her peer and paint the illusion of being more affluent than she truly is. Due to Mathilde being profoundly jealous of Madame Forestier, she never suspects the necklace’s legitimacy and blindly assumes the necklace is made of diamonds. Madame Loisel willingly plunders into this world of hypocrisy, as she whole heartily believes in her borrowed opulence; she projects an appearance of abundance to others. Because she believes in her wealth, she becomes wealthy in the eyes of others. The fact that the necklace is the focal point of the beguilement that triggers of Mathilde’s social collapse implies nothing but trouble can result from obs curing the truth of one’s situation. The bitter irony of the fact that Monsieur and Madame Loisel spent years

Advertising and Society Free Essays

string(67) " concerns have been spreading everywhere and cannot be controlled\." Advertising and Society Introduction: Advertising is said to be like glue that holds cultures together. It allows us to share a common experience incorporated by brands, images, logos, and even silly jingles. We define who we are by what we buy and wear because we know that others judge us by what we buy and wear. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now And advertising influences those judgments. Today because of advertisements conditioning and trendsetting, judgments are made on what clothes people wear, what shampoo and kitchen cleaner they use, not on whom we really are. This leads to a certain degree of social discrimination and emotional insecurity especially in younger population. In advertising, socio-cultural dimensions came in 1920’s. Agencies and publicists no longer sought only to convey objective facts about the products but they also link products with a lifestyle, permeate them with glamour and prestige, and persuade consumers that purchasing an item could be, as historian Alan Brinkley describes it, â€Å"a personally fulfilling and enriching experience. †(Alan Brinkley, 1991; 648. ) Historical background: If we recall the history of advertising the first thing that came into our mind is the old papyrus from Thebes dating back about 3000 years ago. History of English society showed that the spread of information in an organized way began with the development of newspaper. Newspaper started carrying advertisement in mid 1600’s. The industrial revolution in 19th century resulted in great commercial growth and provided a great support to advertising. With the development of the technology after the Second World War many changes took place in advertising. As more and more advanced systems got introduced, they changed the whole scenario of the society. Although these developments in advertising are of great value but on the other hand they also generated huge criticism. The aim of advertising in society is to sell the goods in a particular kind of economy. It is because of advertising which is a major form of modern social communication that one can understand his society in new ways. Overview: In this chapter on advertising and society, the author aimed to examine ifferent critiques and key concepts related to advertising and its impact on society. To support his argument author used different theories and researches that supports or negates advertising’s impact in relation to society. The main approaches that the author discussed in the chapter are pluralistic positions, Neo Marxist positions and cultural critiques. According to author the pluralistic positions focused on the usefulness of consumptions and options available fo r the consumers and the economy. Neo-Marxist views argued that advertising flatters to deceive. It undermines use value into exchange value. Its representations incorporate the meanings of the dominant ideology. On the other hand cultural approach emphasized on the harmful effects of commodifications. To discuss about the main critiques that he took in order to fulfill his objective the author examined studies by different researchers about these approaches. The first study mentioned was by Sinclair who saw the critiques in terms of an opposition between optimistic and pessimistic views. According to Optimistic view advertising is used as a tool for functioning of economy while pessimistic saw the advertising in relation to economy as a destruction of social and cultural values. To further support his argument two more important perspectives were discussed in the chapter i. e. , Capitalist pluralism and political economy Theory. Capitalist pluralism argued that advertising is an optimistic tool for providing information about goods and services where as Political economist regard advertising as working tool under the power of media institution or in other words media monopoly. These perspectives of capitalistic pluralism and political economy were further discussed by Doyle in 2002 who pointed out that there exist a strong relationship between the advertising expenditure and economic wealth by arguing that although advertising contributes to economic growth it doesn’t mean that it also contributes to the well-being of the society. Then he discussed about the role of advertising in developing ideas about the imaginary world. To elaborate his point the author added the analysis by Cronic in 2000. who argued about the imagination of audience and their relationship and said that they cannot be discovered. Moreover he discussed the post modern and cultural critiques of advertising which were based on the modes of consumption. Then he put studies by Matterlart in 1991 and Kenway and Bullen in 2001 which emphasized on the domination of public space and consumption of advertising where as Jameson in 1991 and Baudrilland in 1988 argued about post-modern ways of criticizing advertising. They said that there is a lack of distinction between the real and imaginary world. The main crux of their studies was that advertising creates hyper reality. In order to relate advertising with other different phenomenon’s he discussed about discourse, ideology, myths and representations. According to author there is an interrelationship between discourses, ideologies myths and representations. For discourses he took the example of car advertisement that how they used technology as a discourse in relation to different environments Moreover he added myths as false ideas about consciousness of ideology as in advertisements of beauty products. According to him advertising not only affects our consciousness but also alter our perceptions about the social world. Fantasy is also an important factor in advertising which is all about idealization and mythmaking. In view of author female representation is an important factor in advertising. To highlight he took the example discussed by Goldman and Papson in 1998 on women representation in advertisements of Nike. They argued that most of the advertising comprised of the representation of women as a sexual object or product. In Advertising stereotyping of genders are also found. At last author has put a light on the children advertisements when there is gendered representation. According to different studies particularly by Johnson and Young (2002) in this chapter argued that gender differentiations increased market targeting. Analysis: Ever since the dawn of advertising, many complaints and concerns have been spreading everywhere and cannot be controlled. You read "Advertising and Society" in category "Papers" Several questions arise in the minds of the people regarding the influence of advertising. For instance does advertising has have a strong impact on society? Does it obviously influence the millions of people? The information related to the birth and growth of the media, have provoked society to think about the consequences of new technology. The emergence of media has given us great power and knowledge even then we see its consequences in our lives and in whole society. However, many people feel that advertising has had great negative consequence. The present chapter which is on advertising and society provided in depth analysis on role of advertisements in relation to society. The literature provided in the chapter revolves around the various studies and approaches which linked with the different aspects of advertising and its consumption effects over society. Moreover we came to know about the changing historical perspective of the advertising. The main critiques regarding advertising and society which were included in whole section (Neo Marxist positions, pluralist positions and cultural critiques) formed the base for rest of the researchers who further worked on it. Although these positions were very authentic to describe his argument about pessimist and optimistic views. It would be more clarified if the author put more different perspectives like Modernization theory. Modernization theory is more related in the sense that it deals with mass media that plays a very important role in transforming of the societies. As advertising â€Å"contact with the media helped the process of transition from ‘ traditional’ to a ‘modernized’ state, characterizing the mass media as a mobility multiplier which enabled individuals to experience events in far off places forcing them to reassess their traditional way of life. Exposure to the media made traditional societies less bound by traditions and made them aspire to a new and modern way of life†. Daniel Lerner, 1958; 56) When ones discussed about the different perspectives regarding advertising and its impact on society one has to take into consideration gradual changes in its culture. This can be explained in a way that culture of advertising has switched from information to a more abstract way to communicate with consumers. Previously in 1970s more informative advertisements wer e shown to the consumers which helped them in making decisions by identifying the positives and the negatives of competitors and their products. Then in 1990s focused was on emotional advertisements and in 2000 with the emergence of internet advertising industry experienced a boom. With the internet traditional informative advertising got changed by encouraging interaction with consumers by clicking on various sites and links. Eventually these methods of advertising offered a new way for consumers to become more interactive in the process of marketing. This was the lacking point of author, he should have to mention about this changing shift in advertising in relation to society after discussing the main critiques. In his studies there was a lack of link between the pessimist and optimistic views. All of them were presented in such a perplexed way that one can’t comprehend what the author actually wanted to communicate. The major studies he took to support his argument depicted that advertising has got an adverse effects on our society as he related the terms like monopoly, deceive, imagination and commodification and mentioned that advertising is playing key role in diminishing our social and cultural values etc. On the other hand some of the studies were showing advertising as a positive tool towards the information and education of the society as mentioned in the capitalistic pluralism that saw advertising as an information provider. Although the author has provided many good theories to explain what actually advertising is and what role it is playing in society but it failed to provide a strong link between advertising and norms of the society. To support this argument we can take the example from social communication in Advertising which provides a clear` debate on advertising and society† where a survey of the controversies on advertising. Here the authors viewed advertising as an influential form of social communication. Another important contribution that author should have mentioned in order to explain the positive role of advertising in society is by â€Å"Leiss/Kline/ Jhally† who worked on role of social communication in advertising (1978), described the origin of consumer culture and how the shift from industrial to consumer took place. Moreover they clearly pointed out that advertising agencies played a vital role in modern advertising industry and advertising is the central institution for the market-industrial economy. One of the shortcomings of this literature was not to highlight media monopoly while discussing about political economy and the power of media institutions because the concept of media monopoly by Bagdikian’s played a very vital role in history even till now dominating the advertising. Critical researches play a very important role to study effects of advertising in relation to society as they address the social and cultural effects of communications and its role in propagating unfair social order. In the previous discussion author failed to mentioned the importance of persuasion of consumers regarding advertising in relation to society. Another missing point while discussing about the consumer behavior is related to the buying behavior because most of the advertisements aim to affect the purchasing decision of the consumer in the market. Moreover it is proven that advertising has become a powerful force in terms of persuading society to support the product, service, or idea. So, consumers tend to buy it to make them feel good and beautiful. Two most important contributions in critical researches are by Williamson’s Decoding Advertisements and Ideology in advertising (1986). They have examined the content and structure of advertisements for their distorted communications and ideological Impact. Employing of semiotics played an important role in examining how advertising persuade consumers. At one point author discussed discourses, myths, ideologies and representation. There he failed to mention about semiology and content analysis because these four are basically the derivation from semiotic and content. Because semiology is all abut the study and importance of language for the communication of message. To support this point a study was done on â€Å"The Theatre of Consumption† by Jhally in 1987, in which the researcher examined the structure and content of advertisement using semiotics and their social and cultural impact using Content Analysis. The conclusion drawn from study clearly showed that advertisers use different codes and strategies to appeal different audiences. The codes are beauty, female relations, romance and fraternity for both males and females. Both the studies on social communication and advertising and on codes by Jhally are very important studies that provide a very useful analysis of how advertising play a vital role in producing consumers and how the consumers reshaped themselves in the society. If author included such studies in his chapter, it would provide a strong argument regarding discourse, ideology, myths and representations. As far as discussion by author regarding gendered representation in advertisements is concerned he did a tremendous job by describing the huge effect which is related to a persons dissatisfaction of the body by stereotyping women and men, that if ladies wanted to be beautiful they have to show such qualities like fair color, long and beautiful hair, skin tone, etc. , and for men if they want to be handsome they have to hold the worked-out body, etc. Also, portrayal of women as sex objects in most of the commercials changes the perception of people on women as homemakers. Some major points that author should include in his literature are related to various advertising trends. Most of the important trends of advertising related to consumers need to be mentioned when one is discussing about economy, markets and their relationship to customers. As we know that advertising costs a lots of money and that money comes from the consumer. For example hidden costs, lying to customers and censorship etc. Almost all advertising companies bend and curve the truth for their personal benefit and for promotion and advertising of their product. Even the Companies exaggerate certain features of their products. One of the true purposes of advertising is to set trends that the customers will follow. One of the draw back of advertising is not to focus on censorship even the author didn’t mention any positive suggestions regarding this. Because element of censorship played a very important role in the inception and elimination of any phenomenon. Conclusion: Although the author has been successful in highlighting the changes in society caused by advertising but on the other hand his study was highly abstract and failed to provide deep insight into the actual phenomena of the society because most of the researches taken by author were not analyzed in detail. Moreover he didn’t mention any useful suggestions regarding how a society can be organized with the meaningful use of advertising and reduction of the unnecessary exaggeration of the products. Finally, it is being concluded that advertising has got a positive as well as negative impacts over society. There is a need to focus on the balance that what should be necessary and what should be not. On the other hand advertisements can create contentment and discontentment simultaneously. The marketing of products and our society depend so highly on advertising that even its negative effects on society cannot offset its positive socio-economic impacts. How to cite Advertising and Society, Papers

Love And Color Essay Example For Students

Love And Color Essay Is love colorblind?Just three decades ago, Thurgood Marshall was only months away from appoint-ment to the Supreme Court when he suffered an indignity that today seems notjust outrageous but almost incomprehensible. He and his wife had found theirdream house in a Virginia suburb of Washington, D.C., but could not lawfullylive together in that state: he was black and she was Asian. Fortunately forthe Marshalls, in January 1967 the Supreme Court struck down theanti-interracial-marriage laws in Virginia and 18 other states. And in 1967these laws were not mere leftover scraps from an extinct era. Two yearsbefore, at the crest of the civil-rights revolution, a Gallup poll foundthat 72 per cent of Southern whites and 42 per cent of Northern whites stillwanted to ban interracial marriage. Lets fast-forward to the present and another black-Asian couple: retiredGreen Beret Lieutenant Colonel Eldrick Woods Sr. and his Thai-born wife,Kultida. They are not hounded by the police just by journalists desperateto write more adulatory articles about how well they raised their son Tiger. The colossal popularity of young Tiger Woods and the homage paid his parentsare remarkable evidence of white Americans change in attitude toward whatthey formerly denounced as miscegenation. In fact, Tigers famously mixedancestry (besides being black and Thai, hes also Chinese, white, andAmerican Indian) is not merely tolerated by golf fans. More than a few seemto envision Tiger as a shining symbol of what America could become in apost-racial age. Interracial marriage is growing steadily. From the 1960 to the 1990 Census,white-Asian married couples increased almost tenfold, while black-whitecouples quadrupled. The reasons are obvious: greater integration and thedecline of white racism. More subtly, interracial marriages are increasinglyrecognized as epitomizing what our society values most in a marriage: thetri- umph of true love over convenience and prudence.Nor is it surprisingthat white-Asian marriages outnumber black-white marriages: the socialdistance between whites and Asians is now far smaller than the distancebetween blacks and whites. Whats fascinating, however, is that in recentyears a startling number of nonwhites especially Asian men and blackwomen have become bitterly opposed to intermarriage. This is a painful topic to explore honestly, so nobody does. Still, itsimportant because interracial marriages are a leading indicator of what lifewill be like in the even more diverse and integrated twenty-first century. Intermarriages show that integration can churn up unexpected racialconflicts by spotlighting enduring differences between the races. For example, probably the most disastrous mistake Marcia Clark made inprosecuting O. J. Simpson was to complacently allow Johnny Cochran to packthe jury with black women. As a feminist, Mrs. Clark smugly assumed that allfemale jurors would identify with Nicole Simpson. She ignored pretrialresearch indicating that black women tended to see poor Nicole as The Enemy,one of those beautiful blondes who steal successful black men from theirblack first wives, and deserve whatever they get. The heart of the problem for Asian men and black women is that intermarriagedoes not treat every sex/race combination equally: on average, it hasoffered black men and Asian women new opportunities for finding mates amongwhites, while exposing Asian men and black women to new competition fromwhites. In the 1990 Census, 72 per cent of black-white couples consisted ofa black hus- band and a white wife. In contrast, white-Asian pairs showedthe reverse: 72 per cent consisted of a white husband and an Asian wife. Sexual relations outside of marriage are less fettered by issues of familyapproval and long-term practicality, and they appear to be even more skewed. The 1992 Sex in America study of 3,432 people, as authoritative a work asany in a field where reliable data are scarce, found that ten times moresingle white women than single white men reported that their most recent sexpartner was black. Few whites comprehend the growing impact on minorities of these interracialhusband-wife disparities. One reason is that the effect on whites has beenbalanced. Although white women hunting for husbands, for example, suffermore competition from Asian women, they also enjoy increased access to blackmen. Further, the weight of numbers dilutes the effect on whites. In 1990,1.46 million Asian women were married, compared to only 1.26 million Asianmen. This net drain of 0.20 million white husbands into marriages to Asianwomen is too small to be noticed by the 75 million white women, except inLos Angeles and a few other cities with large Asian populations and highrates of inter- marriage. Yet, this 0.20 million shortage of Asian wivesleaves a high propor- tion of frustrated Asian bachelors in its wake. Black womens resentment of intermarriage is now a staple of daytime talkshows, hit movies like Waiting to Exhale, and magazine articles. Blacknovelist Bebe Moore Campbell described her and her tablemates reactionsupon seeing a black actor enter a restaurant with a blonde: In unison, wemoaned, we groaned, we rolled our eyes heavenward . . . Then we all shookour heads as we lamented for the 10,000th time the perfidy of black men, andcursed trespassing white women who dared to take our men. Like most guys,though, Asian men are reticent about admitting any frustrations in themating game. But anger over intermarriage is visible on Internet on-linediscussion groups for young Asians. The men, featuring aneven-greater-than-normal-for-the-Internet concentration of cranky bachelors,accuse the women of racism for dating white guys. For example, This disparity is a manifestation of a silent conspiracy by the racistwhite society and self-hating Asian to effect thegenocide of Asian Americans. The women retort that the men are racist andsexist for getting sore about it. All they can agree upon is that MediaStereotypes and/or Low Self-Esteem must somehow be at fault. LETS review other facts about intermarriage and how they violateconventional sociological theories. 1. You would normally expect more black women than black men to marry whitesbecause far more black women are in daily contact with whites. First, amongblacks aged 20-39, there are about 10 per cent more women than men alive. Another tenth of the black men in these prime marrying years are literallylocked out of the marriage market by being locked up in jail, and maybetwice that number are on probation or parole. So, there may be nearly 14young black women for every 10 young black men who are alive and unentangledwith the law. Further, black women are far more prevalent than black men inuniversities (by 80 per cent in grad schools), in corporate offices, and inother places where members of the bourgeoisie, black or white, meet theirmates. Despite these opportunities to meet white men, so many middle-class blackwomen have trouble landing satisfactory husbands that they have made Terry(Waiting to Exhale) McMillan, author of novels specifically about and forthem, into a best-selling brand name. Probably the most popular romanceadvice regularly offered to affluent black women of a certain age is to findtrue love in the brawny arms of a younger black man. Both Miss McMillans1996 best-seller How Stella Got Her Groove Back and the most celebrated ofall books by black women, Zora Neale Hurstons 1937 classic Their Eyes WereWatch- ing God, are romance novels about well-to-do older women and somewhatdangerous younger men. Of course, as Miss Hurston herself later learned atage 49, when she (briefly) married a 23-year-old gym coach, that seldomworks out in real life. Dea sea scrolls imperfection EssaySo, did all racist whites a century ago make keeping minorities away fromtheir women their highest priority? No. As noted earlier, the anti-Asianimmigration laws kept Asian women out, forcing many Asian immigrantbachelors to look for white women (with mixed success). While white men werecertainly not crazy about this side effect, it seemed an acceptabletradeoff, since they feared Asian immigrants more as economic than as sexualcompetitors. But why did whites historically dread the masculine charms ofblacks more than those of Asians? Merely asking this question points outthat social conditioning is ultimately a superficial explanation of thedifferences among peoples. Yes, society socializes individuals, but whatsocializes society?There are only three fundamental causes for the myriad ways groups differ. The first is unsatisfying but no doubt important: random flukes of history. The second, the favorite of Thomas Sowell and Jared Diamond, is differencesin geography and climate. The third is human biodiversity. Lets look atthree physical differences between the races. 1) Asian men tend to beshorter than white and black men. Does this matter in the mating game? Oneof Americas leading hands-on researchers into this question, 71,280-pound basketball legend Wilt Chamberlain, reports that in his ampleexperience being tall and strong never hurt. Biological anthropologistsconfirm this, finding that tal- ler tends to be better in the eyes of mostwomen in just about all cultures. Like most traits, height is determined bythe interaction of genetic and social factors (e.g., nutrition). Forexample, the L.A. Dodgers flamethrowing pitcher Hideo Nomo is listed as62, an almost unheard-of height for any Japanese man fifty years ago,owing to the near-starvation diets of the era. While the height gap betweenJapanese and whites narrowed significantly after World War II, this tre ndhas slowed in recent years as well-fed Japanese began bumping up againstgenetic limits. Furthermore, it can be rather cold comfort to a 57 Asianwho is competing for dates with white and black guys averaging 511 tohear, Your sons will grow up on average a couple of inches taller than you,assuming, of course, that you ever meet a girl and have any kids. Incontrast, consider a 51 Asian coed. Although shed be happy with a 57boyfriend if she were in an all-Asian school, at UCLA she finds lots of boystemptingly much taller than that, but few are Asian. 2. This general principle the more racial integration there is, the moreimportant become physical differences among the races can also be seenwith regard to hair length. The ability to grow long hair is a usefulindicator of youth and good health. (Ask anybody on chemotherapy.) Sincewomen do not go bald and can generally grow longer hair than men, mostcultures associate longer hair with femininity. Although blacks hairdoesnt grow as long as whites or Asians hair, thats not a problem forblack women in all-black societies. After integration, though, hair oftenbecomes an intense concern for black women competing with longer-hairedwomen of other races. While intellectuals in black-studies departmentsebony towers denounce Eurocentric standards of beauty, most black womenrespond more pragmatically. They one-up white women by buying straight fromthe source of the longest hair: the Wall Street Journal recently reported onthe booming business in furnishing African-American women with weaves andextensions harvested from the fol- licularly gifted women of China. 3. Muscularity may most sharply differentiate the races in terms of sexualattractiveness. Women like men who are stronger than they; men like womenwho are rounder and softer. The ending of segregation in sports has maderacial differences in muscularity harder to ignore. Although the mens100-meter dash is among the worlds most widely contested events, in thelast four Olympics all 32 finalists have been blacks of West Africandescent. Is muscularity quantifiable? PBS fitness expert Covert Bailey findsthat he needs to recom- mend different goals in terms of percentage ofbody fat to his clients of different races. The standard goal for adultblack men is 12 per cent body fat, versus 18 per cent for Asian men. Thegoals for women are 7 points higher than for men of the same race. Forinterracial couples, their gender gaps in body-fat goals correlateuncannily with their husband-wife proportions in the 1990 Census. The goalfor black men (12 per cent) is 10 points lower than the goal for white women(22 per cent), while the goal for white men (15 per cent) is only 4 pointslower than the goal for black women (19 per cent). This 10:4 ratio is almostidentical to the 72:28 ratio seen in the Census. This corre- lates just aswell for white-Asian couples, too. Apparently, men want women who make themfeel more like men, and vice versa for women. Understanding the impact of genetic racial differences on American life is anecessity for anybody who wants to understand our increasingly complexsociety. For example, the sense of betrayal felt by Asian men certainlymakes sense. After all, they tend to surpass the national average in thoselong-term virtues industry, self-restraint, law-abidingness thatsociety used to train young women to look for in a husband. Yet, now thatdiscrimination has finally declined enough for Asian men to expect to reapthe rewards for ful- filling traditional American standards of manliness,our culture has largely lost interest in indoctrinating young women to prizethose qualities. The frustrations of Asian men are a warning sign. When, in the names offree- dom and feminism, young women listen less to the hard-earned wisdom ofolder women about how to pick Mr. Right, they listen even more to theirhormones. This allows cruder measures of a mans worth like the size ofhis muscles to return to prominence. The result is not a feminist utopia,but a society in which genetically gifted guys can more easily get away withacting like Mr. Wrong. George Orwell noted, To see what is in front of ones nose requires a con-stant struggle. We can no longer afford to have our public policy governedby fashionable philosophies which insists upon ignoring the obvious. Therealities of interracial marriage, like those of professional sports, showthat diversity and integration turn out in practice to be fatal to thereign- ing assumption of racial uniformity. The courageous individuals ininterracial marriages have moved farthest past old hostilities. Yet, theyvediscovered not the featureless landscape of utter equality that waspredicted by progres- sive pundits, but a landscape rich with fascinatingracial patterns. Intellec- tuals should stop dreading the ever-increasingevidence of human biodiversity and start delighting in it. Social Issues